[
{
"muscle": "occipitalis",
"location": "head, occipitofrontalis, back of skull (left/right)",
"origin": "mastoid part of temporal bone",
"insertion": "epicranial aponeurosis",
"artery": "occipital artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], posterior auricular nerve",
"action": "retracts scalp",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "frontalis",
"location": "head, occipitofrontalis, forehead (left/right)",
"origin": "skin of eyebrow and glabella",
"insertion": "epicranial aponeurosis",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "temporal branch",
"action": "wrinkles eyebrow",
"antagonist": "procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "orbicularis oculi, orbital part",
"location": "head, forehead/eyelid (left/right)",
"origin": "frontal bone",
"insertion": "lateral palpebral raphe",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch",
"action": "closes eyelids (voluntary, winking/squeezing)",
"antagonist": "levator palpebrae superioris",
"o": 2,
"ta": 3
},
{
"muscle": "orbicularis oculi, palpebral part",
"location": "head, forehead/eyelid (left/right)",
"origin": "medial palpebral ligament",
"insertion": "lateral palpebral raphe",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch",
"action": "closes eyelids (involuntary, blinking/sleeping)",
"antagonist": "levator palpebrae superioris",
"o": 2,
"ta": 3
},
{
"muscle": "orbicularis oculi, deep palpebral (lacrimal) part",
"location": "head, forehead/eyelid (left/right)",
"origin": "posterior crest of lacrimal bone",
"insertion": "Edges of eyelids",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch",
"action": "facilitates tear ducts",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 3
},
{
"muscle": "corrugator supercilii",
"location": "head, eye (left/right)",
"origin": "nasal part of frontal bone",
"insertion": "intermediate third of skin of eyebrow",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch",
"action": "moves skin of nose)",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "depressor supercilii",
"location": "head, eye (left/right)",
"origin": "nasal part of frontal bone, medial rim of orbit",
"insertion": "medial third of skin of eyebrow",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch",
"action": "moves skin of eyebrows inferiorly",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "levator palpebrae superioris",
"location": "head, extraocular (left/right)",
"origin": "sphenoid bone",
"insertion": "tarsal plate, upper eyelid",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "oculomotor nerve [CNIII]",
"action": "elevates eyelid",
"antagonist": "orbicularis oculi",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "superior tarsal",
"location": "head, extraocular (left/right)",
"origin": "underside of levator palpebrae superioris",
"insertion": "superior tarsal plate of eyelid",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "sympathetic nervous system",
"action": "raises upper eyelid",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus, superior",
"location": "head, eye, orbit (left/right)",
"origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex",
"insertion": "7.5 mm superior to corneal limbus",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "superior branch",
"action": "adducts, medially rotates eye",
"antagonist": "Oblique Superior and inferior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus, inferior",
"location": "head, eye, orbit (left/right)",
"origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex",
"insertion": "6.5 mm inferior to corneal limbus",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "inferior branch",
"action": "adducts and depresses eye",
"antagonist": "Oblique Superior and inferior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus, medial",
"location": "head, eye, orbit (left/right)",
"origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex",
"insertion": "5.5 mm medial to corneal limbus",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "inferior branch",
"action": "adducts eye",
"antagonist": "Oblique Superior and inferior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus, lateral",
"location": "head, eye, orbit (left/right)",
"origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex",
"insertion": "7 mm temporal to corneal limbus",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "abducens nerve [CNVI]",
"action": "abducts eye",
"antagonist": "Oblique Superior and inferior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "oblique, superior",
"location": "head, extraocular (left/right)",
"origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex, medial to optic canal",
"insertion": "outer posterior quadrant of eyeball",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery, lateral muscular branch",
"nerve": "trochlear nerve [CNIV]",
"action": "abducts, intorts, and depress eye",
"antagonist": "right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists)",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "oblique, inferior",
"location": "head, extraocular (left/right)",
"origin": "orbital surface of maxilla, lateral to lacrimal groove",
"insertion": "laterally onto eyeball, deep to lateral rectus, by a short flat tendon",
"artery": "ophthalmic artery",
"nerve": "oculomotor nerve [CNIII]",
"action": "abducts, extorts, and elevates eye",
"antagonist": "right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists)",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "temporoparietalis",
"location": "head, ear, outer ear (left/right)",
"origin": "auriculares muscles",
"insertion": "epicranial aponeurosis",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]",
"action": "fixes galeal aponeurosis",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "auricularis anterior",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "temporal fascia",
"insertion": "front of helix of ear",
"artery": "posterior auricular artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]",
"action": "pulls auricle forwards",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "auricularis superior",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "epicranial aponeurosis",
"insertion": "dorsocranial surface of auricle",
"artery": "posterior auricular artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]",
"action": "pulls auricle upwards",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "auricularis posterior",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "mastoid process of sternocleidomastoid",
"insertion": "dorsal part of auricle",
"artery": "posterior auricular artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]",
"action": "pulls auricle backwards",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "helicis major",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "Spina helicis",
"insertion": "Anterior border of the helix",
"artery": "Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries",
"nerve": "Facial nerve",
"action": "depresses the anterior margin of the ear cartilage",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "helicis minor",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "Base of the helical crus",
"insertion": "Anterior aspect of the helical crus",
"artery": "Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries",
"nerve": "Facial nerve, Posterior auricular nerve branch",
"action": "Adjusts the shape of the anterior margin of the ear cartilage",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "tragicus",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "Base of the tragus",
"insertion": "Apex of the tragus",
"artery": "Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries",
"nerve": "Facial nerve",
"action": "Increase the opening of the external acoustic meatus",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "antitragicus",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "Outer part of the antitragus",
"insertion": "Cauda helicis and antihelix",
"artery": "Auricular branch of superficial temporal and auricular branches of posterior auricular artery",
"nerve": "Facial nerve",
"action": "Modifies the auricular shape",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "auricle, transverse",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "Cranial surface of the eminentia conchae",
"insertion": "Cranial surface of the eminentia scaphae",
"artery": "Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries",
"nerve": "Facial nerve",
"action": "Flattens the cranial profile outer ear",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "auricle, oblique",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "?",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "Facial nerve, posterior auricular nerve",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "Muscle of terminal notch",
"location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "?",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "?",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "stapedius",
"location": "head, ear, inner ear (left/right)",
"origin": "tip of pyramid of middle ear",
"insertion": "neck of stapes",
"artery": "stapedial branch of posterior auricular artery",
"nerve": "nerve to the stapedius from facial nerve [CNVII]",
"action": "reduces movement of sound waves to inner ear",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "tensor tympani",
"location": "head, ear, inner ear (left/right)",
"origin": "Eustachian tube",
"insertion": "handle of malleus",
"artery": "superior tympanic artery",
"nerve": "medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]",
"action": "tenses sound waves to inner ear",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "procerus",
"location": "head, nose (left/right)",
"origin": "fascia over lower part of nasal bone",
"insertion": "skin of lower part of forehead between eyebrows",
"artery": "facial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "draws down medial angle of eyebrow (giving expressions of frowning)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "depressor septi nasi",
"location": "head, nose (left/right)",
"origin": "incisive fossa of maxilla",
"insertion": "nasalis",
"artery": "superior labial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "depresses nasal septum",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "levator nasolabialis (levator labii superioris alaeque nasi)",
"location": "head, nose (left/right)",
"origin": "frontal process of maxilla",
"insertion": "nostril and upper lip",
"artery": "superior labial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "dilates elevates elevates wing of nose",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "nasalis, transverse part",
"location": "head, nose, nasalis, transverse part (left/right)",
"origin": "alveolar yoke of canine tooth",
"insertion": "lateral nasal cartilage",
"artery": "superior labial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "compresses nostrils",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "nasalis, alar part",
"location": "head, nose, nasalis, alar part (left/right)",
"origin": "alveolar yoke of lateral incisor tooth, greater and lesser alar cartilages",
"insertion": "skin near margin of nostril",
"artery": "superior labial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "dilates nostrils",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "levator anguli oris",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "maxilla",
"insertion": "modiolus of mouth",
"artery": "facial artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]",
"action": "elevates angle of mouth (smile)",
"antagonist": "depressor anguli oris",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "depressor anguli oris",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "tubercle of mandible",
"insertion": "modiolus of mouth",
"artery": "facial artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], mandibular branch",
"action": "depresses angle of mouth (frown)",
"antagonist": "levator anguli oris",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "transversus menti",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "continuation of depressor anguli oris muscles",
"insertion": "other side of depressor anguli oris muscles",
"artery": "facial artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], mandibular branch or buccal branch",
"action": "depresses angle of mouth (frown)",
"antagonist": "levator anguli oris",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "levator labii superioris",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "medial part of infra-orbital margin of maxilla",
"insertion": "skin and muscle of upper lip (labii superioris)",
"artery": "superior labial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "elevates upper lip",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "depressor labii inferioris",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "oblique line of mandible, between symphysis and mental foramen",
"insertion": "integument of orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of opposite side",
"artery": "inferior labial artery",
"nerve": "marginal mandibular branch",
"action": "depresses lower lip",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "mentalis",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "alveolar yoke of lower, lateral incisor tooth, found on anterior mandible",
"insertion": "skin of chin",
"artery": "inferior labial artery",
"nerve": "marginal mandibular branch",
"action": "elevates and wrinkles skin of lower lip",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "bucinator (buccinator)",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe",
"insertion": "fibres of orbicularis oris",
"artery": "buccal artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "compress cheeks against teeth (blowing), mastication",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "orbicularis oris, marginal part",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "mandible",
"insertion": "skin around lips",
"artery": "superior labial artery, inferior labial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "puckers lips",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "orbicularis oris, labial part",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "mandible",
"insertion": "skin around lips",
"artery": "superior labial artery, inferior labial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "puckers lips",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "risorius",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "parotid fascia",
"insertion": "modiolus of mouth",
"artery": "facial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "draw back angle of mouth",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "zygomaticus major",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture",
"insertion": "modiolus of mouth",
"artery": "facial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "draws angle of mouth upward and laterally",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "zygomaticus minor",
"location": "head, mouth (left/right)",
"origin": "zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture",
"insertion": "skin of upper lip",
"artery": "facial artery",
"nerve": "buccal branch",
"action": "elevates upper lip",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "masseter, superficial part",
"location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)",
"origin": "anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla",
"insertion": "angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible",
"artery": "masseteric artery",
"nerve": "masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]",
"action": "elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth)",
"antagonist": "platysma",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "masseter, deep part",
"location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)",
"origin": "anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla",
"insertion": "angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible",
"artery": "masseteric artery",
"nerve": "masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]",
"action": "elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth)",
"antagonist": "platysma",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "temporalis",
"location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)",
"origin": "temporal lines on parietal bone of skull",
"insertion": "coronoid process of mandible",
"artery": "deep temporal arteries",
"nerve": "deep temporal nerves from mandibular nerve [CNV3]",
"action": "elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth)",
"antagonist": "platysma",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pterygoid, lateral",
"location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)",
"origin": "greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid process",
"insertion": "condyloid process of mandible",
"artery": "pterygoid branches",
"nerve": "external pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]",
"action": "depresses mandible (opens mouth)",
"antagonist": "masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pterygoideus proprius",
"location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "?",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "?",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pterygoid, medial",
"location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)",
"origin": "medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth (deep head); pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity (superficial head)",
"insertion": "medial angle of mandible",
"artery": "pterygoid branches",
"nerve": "mandibular nerve [CNV3], medial pterygoid nerve",
"action": "elevates mandible, closes lateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "genioglossus, inferior fibers",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)",
"insertion": "dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid",
"artery": "lingual artery",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "protrudes tongue",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 3
},
{
"muscle": "genioglossus, middle fibers",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)",
"insertion": "dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid",
"artery": "lingual artery",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "depresses tongue",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 3
},
{
"muscle": "genioglossus, superior fibers",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)",
"insertion": "dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid",
"artery": "lingual artery",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "draws tip of tongue back and down",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 3
},
{
"muscle": "hyoglossus (ceratoglossus)",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "hyoid",
"insertion": "side of tongue",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "depresses tongue",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "chondroglossus",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "lesser cornu and body of hyoid bone",
"insertion": "intrinsic muscular fibers of tongue",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "styloglossus",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "styloid process of temporal bone",
"insertion": "tongue",
"artery": "lingual artery, sublingual branch",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "elevates and retracts tongue",
"antagonist": "inferior and middle fibers of genioglossus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "palatoglossus",
"location": "head, tongue and soft palate (left/right)",
"origin": "palatine aponeurosis",
"insertion": "tongue",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "pharyngeal plexus and accessory nerve [CNXI]",
"action": "raises back part of tongue, aiding in breathing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "superior longitudinal lingual",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "close to epiglottis, from median fibrous septum",
"insertion": "edges of tongue",
"artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "shortens tongue, turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "transversus linguae",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "median fibrous septum",
"insertion": "sides of tongue",
"artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "narrows tongue with no elongation",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "inferior longitudinal lingual",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "root of tongue",
"insertion": "apex of tongue",
"artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "shortens tongue, retracts, pulls tip downward",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "verticalis linguae",
"location": "head, tongue (left/right)",
"origin": "dorsum of tongue",
"insertion": "inferior surface borders of tongue",
"artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery",
"nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]",
"action": "",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "tensor veli palatini",
"location": "head, soft palate (left/right)",
"origin": "medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone",
"insertion": "palatine aponeurosis",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "mandibular nerve [CNV3], medial pterygoid nerve",
"action": "tenses soft palate, aids in swallowing",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "levator veli palatini",
"location": "head, soft palate (left/right)",
"origin": "temporal bone, Eustachian tube",
"insertion": "palatine aponeurosis",
"artery": "facial artery",
"nerve": "pharyngeal plexus",
"action": "elevates soft palate",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "palatopharyngeus",
"location": "head, soft palate (left/right)",
"origin": "palatine aponeurosis and hard palate",
"insertion": "upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers)",
"artery": "facial artery",
"nerve": "pharyngeal branch",
"action": "aids in pharynx and larynx",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "uvulae",
"location": "head, soft palate (left/right)",
"origin": "hard palate",
"insertion": "soft tissue of uvula",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "pharyngeal branch",
"action": "moves and changes shape of uvula",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "stylopharyngeus",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "styloid process of temporal bone",
"insertion": "pharynx)",
"artery": "pharyngeal branches",
"nerve": "glossopharyngeal nerve [CNIX]",
"action": "elevates pharynx, swallowing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "salpingopharyngeus",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "cartilage of Eustachian tube",
"insertion": "posterior fasciculus of pharyngopalatinus",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], accessory nerve [CNXI]",
"action": "raises nasopharynx",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, thyropharyngeal part",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage",
"insertion": "pharyngeal raphe",
"artery": "pharyngeal branches",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"action": "swallowing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, cricopharyngeal part",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage",
"insertion": "pharyngeal raphe",
"artery": "pharyngeal branches",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"action": "swallowing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, middle, chondropharyngeal part",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "hyoid bone",
"insertion": "pharyngeal raphe",
"artery": "pharyngeal branches",
"nerve": "pharyngeal plexus",
"action": "swallowing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, middle, ceratopharyngeal part",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "hyoid bone",
"insertion": "pharyngeal raphe",
"artery": "pharyngeal branches",
"nerve": "pharyngeal plexus",
"action": "swallowing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, superior, pterygopharyngeal part",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "alveolar process",
"insertion": "pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle",
"artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery",
"nerve": "pharyngeal plexus",
"action": "swallowing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 4
},
{
"muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, superior, buccopharyngeal part",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "alveolar process",
"insertion": "pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle",
"artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery",
"nerve": "pharyngeal plexus",
"action": "swallowing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 4
},
{
"muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, superior, mylopharyngeal part",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "alveolar process",
"insertion": "pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle",
"artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery",
"nerve": "pharyngeal plexus",
"action": "swallowing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 4
},
{
"muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, superior, glossopharyngeal part",
"location": "head, pharynx (left/right)",
"origin": "alveolar process",
"insertion": "pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle",
"artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery",
"nerve": "pharyngeal plexus",
"action": "swallowing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 4
},
{
"muscle": "cricothyroid, straight part",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage",
"insertion": "inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage",
"artery": "cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "external laryngeal branch",
"action": "tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "cricothyroid, oblique part",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage",
"insertion": "inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage",
"artery": "cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "external laryngeal branch",
"action": "tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "arytenoid, transverse",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "arytenoid cartilage on one side",
"insertion": "arytenoid cartilage on opposite side",
"artery": "superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"action": "approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "arytenoid, oblique",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "arytenoid cartilage on one side",
"insertion": "arytenoid cartilage on opposite side",
"artery": "superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"action": "approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "arytenoid, oblique, aryepiglottic part",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "apex of arytenoid",
"insertion": "lateral border of epiglottis",
"artery": "laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], inferior laryngeal nerve",
"action": "closes the laryngeal inlet",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 0
},
{
"muscle": "vocalis",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage",
"insertion": "anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"action": "thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "thyroarytenoid, thyroepiglottic part",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage",
"insertion": "anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"action": "thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "thyroarytenoid, external part",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage",
"insertion": "anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"action": "thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "cricoarytenoid, posterior",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "posterior part of cricoid cartilage",
"insertion": "muscular process of arytenoid cartilage",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"action": "abducts and laterally rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments away from midline and forward and so opening rima glottidis",
"antagonist": "lateral cricoarytenoid",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "cricoarytenoid, lateral",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "lateral part of arch of cricoid cartilage",
"insertion": "muscular process of arytenoid cartilage",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve",
"action": "adducts and medially rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments towards midline and backwards and so closing rima glottidis",
"antagonist": "posterior cricoarytenoid",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "ceratocricoideus",
"location": "head, larynx (left/right)",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "?",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "?",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "platysma",
"location": "Neck, Clavicular, Right, left",
"origin": "base of mandible",
"insertion": "inferior chest",
"artery": "branches of submental artery, branches of suprascapular artery",
"nerve": "cervical branch of facial nerve [CNVII]",
"action": "tenses skin of neck",
"antagonist": "masseter, temporalis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "sternocleidomastoid",
"location": "Neck, Clavicular, Right, left",
"origin": "manubrium sterni (sternal head), medial portion of clavicle (clavicular head)",
"insertion": "mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line",
"artery": "occipital artery, superior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "'''motor''': accessory nerve
'''sensory''': cervical plexus",
"action": "tilts head to its own side, rotates head so face is turned towards opposite side, flexes forced inspiration",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "digastric, anterior belly",
"location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "digastric fossa (mandible)",
"insertion": "intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone)",
"artery": "submental branch of facial artery",
"nerve": "mandibular nerve [CNV3] via mylohyoid nerve",
"action": "opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "digastric, posterior belly",
"location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "mastoid process of temporal bone",
"insertion": "intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone)",
"artery": "occipital artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]",
"action": "opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "stylohyoid",
"location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "styloid process of temporal bone",
"insertion": "greater horn of hyoid bone",
"artery": "occipital artery",
"nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]",
"action": "elevates hyoid during swallowing",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "mylohyoid",
"location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "mandible",
"insertion": "pharyngeal raphe",
"artery": "mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery",
"nerve": "mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [CNV3]",
"action": "raises oral cavity floor, depresses mandible",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "geniohyoid",
"location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "mandibular symphysis",
"insertion": "anterior surface of body of hyoid bone",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "C1 via hypoglossal nerve",
"action": "elevates hyoid and tongue upward during swallowing",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "sternohyoid",
"location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "sternum, manubrium",
"insertion": "hyoid bone",
"artery": "superior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "ansa cervicalis",
"action": "depresses hyoid",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "sternothyroid",
"location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "sternum, manubrium",
"insertion": "thyroid cartilage",
"artery": "superior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "ansa cervicalis",
"action": "depresses hyoid",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "thyrohyoid",
"location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "thyroid cartilage",
"insertion": "hyoid bone",
"artery": "superior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "C1",
"action": "depress hyoid",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "omohyoid, superior belly",
"location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "upper border of scapula",
"insertion": "hyoid bone",
"artery": "inferior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "ansa cervicalis",
"action": "depresses hyoid",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "omohyoid, inferior belly",
"location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "upper border of scapula",
"insertion": "hyoid bone",
"artery": "inferior thyroid artery",
"nerve": "ansa cervicalis",
"action": "depresses hyoid",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "levator glandulae thyroideae",
"location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left",
"origin": "thyrohyoid muscle",
"insertion": "thyroid isthmus",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "ansa cervicalis",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "longus colli",
"location": "Neck, Anterior",
"origin": "C3, C4, C5, and C6",
"insertion": "anterior arch of atlas",
"artery": "ascending pharyngeal artery, vertebral artery",
"nerve": "C2, C3, C4, C5, C6",
"action": "flexes head",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "longus capitis",
"location": "Neck, Anterior",
"origin": "anterior tubercles of C3, C4, C5, and C6",
"insertion": "basilar part of occipital bone",
"artery": "??",
"nerve": "C1, C2, C3/C4",
"action": "flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus capitis, anterior",
"location": "Neck, Anterior",
"origin": "atlas",
"insertion": "occipital bone",
"artery": "??",
"nerve": "C1",
"action": "flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus capitis, lateralis",
"location": "Neck, Anterior/Lateral, Right/left",
"origin": "upper surface of atlas (C1)",
"insertion": "under surface of jugular process of occipital bone",
"artery": "??",
"nerve": "C1",
"action": "laterally flexes neck, stabilises sidebens at atlanto-occipital joint",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "scalenus anterior",
"location": "Neck, Lateral, Right/left",
"origin": "cervical vertebrae C3-C6",
"insertion": "first rib",
"artery": "inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery",
"nerve": "C5, C6",
"action": "when neck is fixed, elevates first rib to aid in breathing; when rib is fixed, bends neck forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "scalenus medius",
"location": "Neck, Lateral, Right/left",
"origin": "cervical vertebrae C2-C6",
"insertion": "first rib",
"artery": "inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery",
"nerve": "ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves",
"action": "elevates first rib, rotates neck to opposite side",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "scalenus posterior",
"location": "Neck, Lateral, Right/left",
"origin": "cervical vertebrae C4 – C6, transverse processes",
"insertion": "second rib",
"artery": "ascending cervical artery and superficial cervical artery",
"nerve": "C6, C7, C8",
"action": "elevates second rib, tilts neck to same side",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "scalenus minimus",
"location": "Neck, Lateral, Right/left",
"origin": "cervical vertebrae C7",
"insertion": "first rib",
"artery": "superficial cervical artery",
"nerve": "C7, C8",
"action": "elevates first rib",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "levator scapulae",
"location": "Neck/Upper Limb, Verterbral Column, Lateral, Right/left",
"origin": "C1 – C4 vertebrae",
"insertion": "superior part of medial border of scapula",
"artery": "dorsal scapular artery",
"nerve": "cervical nerve (C3, C4) and C5)",
"action": "elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula",
"antagonist": "serratus anterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "obliquus capitis, superior",
"location": "Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left",
"origin": "lateral mass of atlas",
"insertion": "lateral half of inferior nuchal line",
"artery": "??",
"nerve": "suboccipital nerve",
"action": "flexes head to same side",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "obliquus capitis, inferior",
"location": "Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left",
"origin": "axis",
"insertion": "lateral mass of atlas",
"artery": "??",
"nerve": "suboccipital nerve",
"action": "rotates neck",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus capitis, posterior minor",
"location": "Neck, Posterior",
"origin": "tubercle on posterior arch of atlas (C1)",
"insertion": "medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone and surface between it and foramen magnum",
"artery": "??",
"nerve": "a branch of dorsal primary division of suboccipital nerve",
"action": "sensory organ for neck position, also extends head at neck",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus capitis, posterior major",
"location": "Neck, Posterior",
"origin": "axis (C2)",
"insertion": "inferior nucheal line of occipital bone",
"artery": "occipital artery",
"nerve": "dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)",
"action": "rotates and extends head to same side",
"antagonist": "??",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus abdominis",
"location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left",
"origin": "pubic symphysis, pubic crest",
"insertion": "xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7",
"artery": "inferior epigastric artery, superior epigastric artery; contributions from posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, and deep circumflex arteries",
"nerve": "intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve",
"action": "flexes trunk, compresses expiration",
"antagonist": "erector spinae",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "external abdominal oblique",
"location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left",
"origin": "external surfaces of ribs 5-12",
"insertion": "linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest",
"artery": "lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, deep circumflex iliac artery",
"nerve": "'''motor''': intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve '''sensory''': iliohypogastric nerve",
"action": "flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, expiration, compresses abdominal organs",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "internal abdominal oblique",
"location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left",
"origin": "anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch, thoracolumbar fascia",
"insertion": "inferior borders of ribs 10–12, pubic crest",
"artery": "lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries",
"nerve": "intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve",
"action": "flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, expiration, compresses abdominal organs",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "cremaster",
"location": "Torso, Abdomen, inguinal canal and scrotum",
"origin": "Internal oblique",
"insertion": "Tunica vaginalis",
"artery": "Cremasteric artery",
"nerve": "Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve",
"action": "raise and lower the scrotum (involuntary)",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "transversus abdominis",
"location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left",
"origin": "internal surface of costal cartilage of ribs 7–12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch",
"insertion": "linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle, pubic crest",
"artery": "lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries",
"nerve": "intercostal nerves T7-T11, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve",
"action": "rotates trunk to same side, compresses expiration",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pyramidalis",
"location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left",
"origin": "pubic symphysis, pubic crest",
"insertion": "linea alba",
"artery": "inferior epigastric artery",
"nerve": "subcostal nerve",
"action": "tenses linea alba",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "quadratus lumborum",
"location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left",
"origin": "iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament",
"insertion": "inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of L1-L4",
"artery": "lumbar, median sacral, iliolumbar, subcostal arteries",
"nerve": "subcostal nerve, anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4",
"action": "flexes trunk to same side, fixes rib 12 during inspiration, extends trunk",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "iliocostalis colli",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes",
"insertion": "ribs",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes vertebral column",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "iliocostalis lumborum",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes",
"insertion": "The lower six or seven ribs",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes vertebral column",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "iliocostalis thoracis",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes(the lower six ribs)",
"insertion": "upper six ribs and the transverse process of CVII",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes vertebral column",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "longissimus capitis",
"location": "Torso/Neck, Back, right/left",
"origin": "articular processes of C4-C7; transverse processes of T1-T5",
"insertion": "posterior margin of mastoid process",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes head and neck to same side",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "longissimus colli",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes vertebral column",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "longissimus thoracis",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes vertebral column",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "longissimus thoracis, lumbar part",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes vertebral column",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 0
},
{
"muscle": "spinalis capitis",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "spinous process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes vertebral column",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "spinalis colli",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "spinous process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes vertebral column",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "spinalis thoracis",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "spinous process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "lateral sacral artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/flexes vertebral column",
"antagonist": "rectus abdominis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "latissimus dorsi",
"location": "Torso/Upper Limb, Back, Vertebral column, right/left",
"origin": "spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, ribs",
"insertion": "floor of intertubercular groove of humerus",
"artery": "subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery",
"nerve": "thoracodorsal nerve(C6 to C8)",
"action": "pulls dorsally and caudally(Extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus)",
"antagonist": "deltoid, trapezius",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "semispinalis thoracis",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse processes of sixth to tenth thoracic vertebrae",
"insertion": "spinous processes of upper four thoracic vertebrae and lower two cervical vertebrae",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/rotates vertebral column",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "semispinalis colli (cervicis)",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae",
"insertion": "spinous processes, cervical, from axis to fifth",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "extends/rotates vertebral column",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "semispinalis capitis",
"location": "Torso/Neck, Back, right/left",
"origin": "articular processes of C4-C6; transverse processes of C7 and T1-T7",
"insertion": "spinous process, occipital bone, area between superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "greater occipital nerve",
"action": "extends head",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "multifidus lumborum",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "PSIS, and iliac crest",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "multifidus thoracis",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "PSIS, and iliac crest",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "multifidus colli",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "PSIS, and iliac crest",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve",
"action": "stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rotatores, long 1-11",
"location": "Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "spinous process",
"nerve": "posterior branch",
"action": "",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 22,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rotatores, short 1-11",
"location": "Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "spinous process",
"nerve": "posterior branch",
"action": "",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 22,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rotatores lumborum",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "spinous process",
"nerve": "posterior branch",
"action": "",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rotatores colli",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "spinous process",
"nerve": "posterior branch",
"action": "",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "interspinales lumborum 1-4",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "spinous process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 8,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "interspinales thoracis 1-3",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "spinous process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 6,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "interspinales colli 1-6",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "spinous process",
"insertion": "spinous process",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 12,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "intertransversarii, anterior colli 1-7",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process above",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "laterally flexes trunk",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 14,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "intertransversarii, lateral posterior colli 1-7",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process above",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "laterally flexes trunk",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 14,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "intertransversarii, medial posterior colli 1-7",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process above",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "laterally flexes trunk",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 14,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, dorsal parts 1-5",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process above",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "laterally flexes trunk",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 10,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, ventral parts 1-5",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process above",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "laterally flexes trunk",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 10,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "intertransversarii, medial lumborum 1-5",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process above",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "laterally flexes trunk",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 10,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "intertransversarii, thoracis 1-9",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "transverse process",
"insertion": "transverse process above",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves",
"action": "laterally flexes trunk",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 18,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "splenius capitis",
"location": "Torso/Neck, Back, right/left",
"origin": "spinous process of C7-T6",
"insertion": "mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone",
"artery": "??",
"nerve": "C3, C4",
"action": "extends, rotates, and laterally flexes head",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "splenius colli",
"location": "Torso, Back, right/left",
"origin": "T3-T6",
"insertion": "C1, C2, C3",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "C5, C6",
"action": "",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "external intercostal 1-11",
"location": "Torso, Chest (left/right)",
"origin": "inferior border of rib (above)",
"insertion": "superior border of rib (below)",
"artery": "intercostal arteries",
"nerve": "intercostal nerves",
"action": "inhalation",
"antagonist": "internal",
"o": 22,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "internal intercostal 1-11",
"location": "Torso, Chest (left/right)",
"origin": "inferior border of rib (above)",
"insertion": "superior border of rib (below)",
"artery": "intercostal arteries",
"nerve": "intercostal nerves",
"action": "holds ribs steady",
"antagonist": "external",
"o": 22,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "innermost intercostal 1-11",
"location": "Torso, Chest",
"origin": "inferior border of rib (above)",
"insertion": "superior border of rib (below)",
"artery": "intercostal arteries",
"nerve": "intercostal nerves",
"action": "elevates ribs, expiration",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 22,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "subcostales 1-n",
"location": "Torso, Chest",
"origin": "inner surface of one rib",
"insertion": "inner surface of second or third rib above, near its angle",
"artery": "intercostal arteries",
"nerve": "intercostal nerves",
"action": "",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 11,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "transversus thoracis",
"location": "Torso, Chest",
"origin": "costal cartilages of last 3–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process",
"insertion": "ribs/costal cartilages 2–6",
"artery": "intercostal arteries",
"nerve": "intercostal nerves",
"action": "depresses ribs",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "levatores costarum, longi 1-4",
"location": "Torso, Chest",
"origin": "C7 to T12 vertebrae",
"insertion": "superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "dorsal rami – C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11",
"action": "assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 8,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "levatores costarum, breves 1-12",
"location": "Torso, Chest",
"origin": "C7 to T12 vertebrae",
"insertion": "superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "dorsal rami – C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11",
"action": "assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 24,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "serratus posterior inferior",
"location": "Torso, Chest",
"origin": "vertebrae T11 – L3",
"insertion": "inferior borders of 9th through 12th ribs",
"artery": "intercostal arteries",
"nerve": "intercostal nerves",
"action": "depresses lower ribs(IX to XII), aiding in expiration",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "serratus posterior superior",
"location": "Torso, Chest",
"origin": "nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of vertebrae C7 through T3",
"insertion": "upper borders of 2nd through 5th ribs",
"artery": "intercostal arteries",
"nerve": "2nd through 5th intercostal nerves",
"action": "elevates ribs(II to V), aiding in inspiration",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "hemidiaphragm, lumbar/costal/sternal part",
"location": "Torso, Chest, Left/right",
"origin": "septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal folds, inner abdominal wall",
"insertion": "",
"artery": "pericardiacophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries",
"nerve": "phrenic and lower intercostal nerves",
"action": "breathing",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "coccygeus",
"location": "Torso, Pelvis",
"origin": "sacrospinous ligament",
"insertion": "coccyx",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "S4, S5 or S3-S4",
"action": "closes back part of pelvic outlet",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "iliococcygeus",
"location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani",
"origin": "tendinous arch of pelvic fascia",
"insertion": "coccyx and anococcygeal raphe",
"artery": "inferior gluteal artery",
"nerve": "S4)",
"action": "S3]], S4)",
"antagonist": "*coccygeal plexus",
"o": null,
"ta": null
},
{
"muscle": "pubococcygeus",
"location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani",
"origin": "back surface of pubis, anterior part of obturator fascia",
"insertion": "coccyx and sacrum",
"artery": "inferior gluteal artery",
"nerve": "S4)",
"action": "S3]], S4)",
"antagonist": "*coccygeal plexus",
"o": null,
"ta": null
},
{
"muscle": "puboanalis (puborectalis)",
"location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani",
"origin": "lower part of pubic symphysis",
"insertion": "-",
"artery": "inferior gluteal artery",
"nerve": "S3, S4. levator ani nerve",
"action": "inhibits defecation",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "puboperinealis",
"location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "?",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "?",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "puboprostaticus (males) / pubovaginalis (females)",
"location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "?",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "?",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "external anal sphincter, subcutaneous, superficial, and deep parts",
"location": "Torso, Perineum",
"origin": "-",
"insertion": "-",
"artery": "inferior rectal artery",
"nerve": "S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve",
"action": "keeps anus closed, aids in expulsion of feces",
"antagonist": "-",
"o": 1,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "superficial transverse perineal",
"location": "Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch",
"origin": "anterior surface of ischial tuberosity",
"insertion": "central point of perineum",
"artery": "perineal artery",
"nerve": "pudendal nerve",
"action": "constricts urinary continence), constricts vagina (women)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "bulbospongiosus",
"location": "Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch",
"origin": "perineal raphe",
"insertion": "-",
"artery": "perineal artery",
"nerve": "pudendal nerve",
"action": "empties urethra (men), clenches vagina (women)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "ischiocavernosus",
"location": "Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch",
"origin": "ischial tuberosity",
"insertion": "crus of penis (men), crus of clitoris (women)",
"artery": "perineal artery",
"nerve": "pudendal nerve",
"action": "assists bulbospongiosus",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "Deep transverse perineal",
"location": "Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch",
"origin": "inferior ramus of ischium",
"insertion": "its fellow of opposite side",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "pudendal nerve",
"action": "constricts urinary continence), constricts vagina (women)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "compressor urethrae",
"location": "Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "?",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "?",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "sphincter urethrovaginalis",
"location": "Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "?",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "?",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "external urethral sphincter",
"location": "Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch",
"origin": "junction of inferior rami of pubis and ischium about 1.25 – 2 cm, and from neighboring fascia",
"insertion": "its fellow of opposite side",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "perineal branch of S2, S3, S4)",
"action": "constricts urinary continence",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "trapezius, descending part",
"location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left",
"origin": "down midline, superior nuchal line, C7-T12",
"insertion": "at spine of scapula",
"artery": "transverse cervical artery",
"nerve": "'''motor''': accessory nerve [CNXI]",
"action": "C3]] and C4",
"antagonist": "retracts and assists in rotating scapula(lower fibers depress scapula, upper fibers elevate it and middle fibers adduct )",
"o": null,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "trapezius, transverse part",
"location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left",
"origin": "down midline, superior nuchal line, C7-T12",
"insertion": "at spine of scapula",
"artery": "transverse cervical artery",
"nerve": "'''motor''': accessory nerve [CNXI]",
"action": "C3]] and C4",
"antagonist": "retracts and elevates scapula",
"o": null,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "trapezius, ascending part",
"location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left",
"origin": "down midline, superior nuchal line, C7-T12",
"insertion": "at spine of scapula",
"artery": "transverse cervical artery",
"nerve": "'''motor''': accessory nerve [CNXI]",
"action": "C3]] and C4",
"antagonist": "retracts and elevates scapula",
"o": null,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "transversus nuchae",
"location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "?",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "?",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rhomboid major",
"location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left?",
"origin": "T2 to T5 vertebrae",
"insertion": "medial border of scapula, inferior to insertion of rhomboid minor",
"artery": "dorsal scapular artery",
"nerve": "C4 and C5)",
"action": "retracts depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall",
"antagonist": "serratus anterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rhomboid minor",
"location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left?",
"origin": "T1 vertebrae",
"insertion": "medial border of scapula, superior to insertion of rhomboid major",
"artery": "dorsal scapular artery",
"nerve": "C4 and C5)",
"action": "retracts (adducts) depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall",
"antagonist": "serratus anterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "sternalis",
"location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?",
"origin": "manubrium of sternum or clavicle",
"insertion": "xiphoid process, lower ribs, costal cartilages or rectus sheath",
"artery": "?",
"nerve": "various",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pectoralis major",
"location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?",
"origin": "'''clavicular head:''' anterior surface of medial half of sternum, superior six costal cartilages",
"insertion": "intertubercular groove of humerus",
"artery": "pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery",
"nerve": "C5 and C6 '''sternocostal head''': C7, C8 and T1",
"action": "adducts and flexes extends humerus",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pectoralis major, abdominal part",
"location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?",
"origin": "'''clavicular head:''' anterior surface of medial half of sternum, superior six costal cartilages",
"insertion": "intertubercular groove of humerus",
"artery": "pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery",
"nerve": "C5 and C6 '''sternocostal head''': C7, C8 and T1",
"action": "adducts and flexes extends humerus",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 0,
"ta": 0
},
{
"muscle": "pectoralis minor",
"location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?",
"origin": "3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages",
"insertion": "medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula",
"artery": "pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery",
"nerve": "C8, T1)",
"action": "stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "subclavius",
"location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?",
"origin": "first rib",
"insertion": "subclavian groove of clavicle",
"artery": "thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch",
"nerve": "subclavian nerve",
"action": "depresses clavicle",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "serratus anterior",
"location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?",
"origin": "fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs",
"insertion": "costal surface of medial margin of scapula",
"artery": "lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part)",
"nerve": "C5, C6, C7)",
"action": "protracts and stabilises scapula, assists in upward rotation",
"antagonist": "rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, trapezius",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "deltoid, clavicular/acromial/scapular spinal parts",
"location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left",
"origin": "spine of scapula",
"insertion": "deltoid tuberosity of humerus",
"artery": "primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery",
"nerve": "axillary nerve",
"action": "abducts, flexes, and extends shoulder",
"antagonist": "latissimus dorsi",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "teres major",
"location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left",
"origin": "posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula",
"insertion": "medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus",
"artery": "subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery",
"nerve": "C5 and C6)",
"action": "internally rotates humerus",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "supraspinatus",
"location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left",
"origin": "supraspinous fossa of scapula",
"insertion": "superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus",
"artery": "suprascapular artery",
"nerve": "suprascapular nerve",
"action": "abducts and stabilises humerus",
"antagonist": "infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "infraspinatus",
"location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left",
"origin": "infraspinous fossa of scapula",
"insertion": "middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus",
"artery": "suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery",
"nerve": "suprascapular nerve",
"action": "laterally rotates, adducts, and stabilises humerus",
"antagonist": "subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "teres minor",
"location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left",
"origin": "lateral border of scapula",
"insertion": "inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus",
"artery": "posterior circumflex humeral artery, circumflex scapular artery",
"nerve": "axillary nerve",
"action": "adducts humerus",
"antagonist": "subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "subscapularis",
"location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left",
"origin": "subscapular fossa of scapula",
"insertion": "lesser tubercle of humerus",
"artery": "subscapular artery",
"nerve": "C5, C6)",
"action": "medially rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder",
"antagonist": "infraspinatus, teres minor",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "coracobrachialis",
"location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left",
"origin": "coracoid process of scapula",
"insertion": "medial surface of humerus",
"artery": "brachial artery",
"nerve": "musculocutaneous nerve",
"action": "flexes and adducts shoulder",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "biceps brachii",
"location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left",
"origin": "'''short head:''' coracoid process of scapula
'''long head:''' supraglenoid tubercle",
"insertion": "radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis",
"artery": "brachial artery",
"nerve": "C5, C6, C7)",
"action": "flexes elbow, supinates forearm",
"antagonist": "triceps brachii",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "brachialis",
"location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left",
"origin": "anterior surface of humerus (mainly distal half)",
"insertion": "coronoid process of ulna, tuberosity of ulna",
"artery": "radial recurrent artery",
"nerve": "musculocutaneous nerve",
"action": "flexes elbow",
"antagonist": "triceps brachii",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "triceps brachii",
"location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left",
"origin": "'''long head:''' infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
'''lateral head:''' posterior humerus (above radial sulcus)
'''medial head:''' posterior humerus - (below radial sulcus)",
"insertion": "olecranon of ulna",
"artery": "deep artery of arm",
"nerve": "radial nerve",
"action": "extends adducts shoulder (long head).",
"antagonist": "medial head does not function at shoulder.",
"o": null,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "articularis cubiti",
"location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left",
"origin": "deep distal surface of medial head of triceps",
"insertion": "posterior capsule of elbow joint",
"artery": "deep artery of arm",
"nerve": "radial nerve",
"action": "lifts capsule away from joint",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "anconeus",
"location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left",
"origin": "lateral epicondyle of humerus",
"insertion": "lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of posterior ulna",
"artery": "deep artery of arm, interosseous recurrent artery",
"nerve": "C7, C8, and T1)",
"action": "partly blended with extends abducts ulna during pronation",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pronator teres",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left",
"origin": "'''humeral head''': coronoid process of ulna",
"insertion": "pronator tuberosity of radius",
"artery": "ulnar artery, radial artery",
"nerve": "median nerve",
"action": "pronates flexes elbow",
"antagonist": "supinator",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor carpi radialis",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left",
"origin": "medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)",
"insertion": "bases of second metacarpal, base of third metacarpal",
"artery": "radial artery",
"nerve": "median nerve",
"action": "flexes and abducts wrist",
"antagonist": "extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "palmaris longus",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left",
"origin": "medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)",
"insertion": "palmar aponeurosis",
"artery": "ulnar artery",
"nerve": "median nerve",
"action": "flexes wrist",
"antagonist": "extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor carpi ulnaris",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left",
"origin": "medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)",
"insertion": "hook of hamate, base of fifth metacarpal",
"artery": "ulnar artery",
"nerve": "muscular branches of ulnar nerve",
"action": "flexes and adducts wrist",
"antagonist": "extensor carpi ulnaris",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor digitorum superficialis",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left",
"origin": "medial epicondyle of humerus (radius and ulna",
"insertion": "bases of middle phalanges 2, 3, 4, and 5",
"artery": "ulnar artery",
"nerve": "median nerve",
"action": "flexes fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)",
"antagonist": "extensor digitorum",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pronator quadratus",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left",
"origin": "medial anterior surface of ulna",
"insertion": "lateral anterior surface of radius",
"artery": "anterior interosseous artery",
"nerve": "anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)",
"action": "weakly pronates forearm",
"antagonist": "supinator",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor digitorum profundus",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left",
"origin": "ulna",
"insertion": "distal phalanges",
"artery": "anterior interosseous artery",
"nerve": "'''lateral belly''': anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)",
"action": "'''medial belly''': muscular branches of ulnar nerve",
"antagonist": "flexes interphalangeal joints",
"o": null,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "flexor pollicis longus",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left",
"origin": "middle half of volar surface of radius, interosseus membrane",
"insertion": "base of distal phalanx of thumb",
"artery": "anterior interosseous artery",
"nerve": "C8, T1)",
"action": "flexes thumb",
"antagonist": "extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor digitorum",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left",
"origin": "lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)",
"insertion": "2nd–5th phalanges",
"artery": "posterior interosseous artery",
"nerve": "C7, C8)",
"action": "extends extends fingers",
"antagonist": "flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor digiti minimi",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left",
"origin": "anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)",
"insertion": "extensor expansion, located at base of proximal phalanx on dorsal side",
"artery": "posterior interosseous artery",
"nerve": "C7, C8)",
"action": "extends little finger at all joints",
"antagonist": "flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor carpi ulnaris",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left",
"origin": "lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon), ulna",
"insertion": "5th metacarpal",
"artery": "ulnar artery",
"nerve": "C7, C8)",
"action": "extends and adducts wrist",
"antagonist": "flexor carpi ulnaris",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "brachioradialis",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left",
"origin": "lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus",
"insertion": "radius)",
"artery": "radial recurrent artery",
"nerve": "radial nerve",
"action": "flexes prone",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor carpi radialis longus",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left",
"origin": "lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus",
"insertion": "2nd metacarpal",
"artery": "radial artery",
"nerve": "radial nerve",
"action": "extends abducts hand at wrist",
"antagonist": "flexor carpi radialis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor carpi radialis brevis",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left",
"origin": "anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)",
"insertion": "base of 3rd metacarpal",
"artery": "radial artery",
"nerve": "posterior interosseus nerve",
"action": "extends abducts hand at wrist",
"antagonist": "flexor carpi radialis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "supinator",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left",
"origin": "lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament",
"insertion": "lateral proximal shaft of radius",
"artery": "radial recurrent artery",
"nerve": "C7, C8)",
"action": "supinates forearm",
"antagonist": "pronator teres, pronator quadratus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor indicis",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left",
"origin": "ulna",
"insertion": "index finger (extensor hood)",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "C7, C8)",
"action": "extends index finger, wrist",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "abductor pollicis longus",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left",
"origin": "ulna",
"insertion": "first metacarpal",
"artery": "posterior interosseous artery",
"nerve": "C7, C8)",
"action": "abducts and extends thumb",
"antagonist": "adductor pollicis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor pollicis brevis",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left",
"origin": "radius, interosseous membrane of forearm",
"insertion": "proximal phalanx of thumb",
"artery": "posterior interosseous artery",
"nerve": "C7, C8)",
"action": "extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint",
"antagonist": "flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor pollicis longus",
"location": "Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left",
"origin": "ulna, interosseous membrane of forearm",
"insertion": "distal phalanx of thumb",
"artery": "posterior interosseous artery",
"nerve": "C7, C8)",
"action": "extends interphalangeal)",
"antagonist": "flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "opponens pollicis",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar",
"origin": "trapezium, transverse carpal ligament",
"insertion": "metacarpal bone of thumb on its radial side",
"artery": "superficial palmar arch",
"nerve": "median nerve",
"action": "opposes thumb",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor pollicis brevis",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar",
"origin": "trapezoid, flexor retinaculum",
"insertion": "proximal phalanx",
"artery": "superficial palmar arch",
"nerve": "median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)",
"action": "flexes thumb",
"antagonist": "extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "abductor pollicis brevis",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar",
"origin": "flexor retinaculum of hand, trapezium",
"insertion": "radial base of thumb extensors",
"artery": "superficial palmar arch",
"nerve": "median nerve",
"action": "abducts thumb",
"antagonist": "adductor pollicis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "adductor pollicis",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar",
"origin": "'''transverse head:''' anterior body of second and third metacarpals and adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones",
"insertion": "medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb and ulnar sesamoid",
"artery": "deep palmar arch",
"nerve": "T1)",
"action": "adducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint",
"antagonist": "abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "palmaris brevis",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar",
"origin": "flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis",
"insertion": "palm",
"artery": "palmar metacarpal artery",
"nerve": "superficial branch of ulnar nerve",
"action": "wrinkle skin of palm",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "abductor digiti minimi (hand)",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar",
"origin": "pisiform",
"insertion": "base of 5th digit on ulnar or medial side",
"artery": "ulnar artery",
"nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve",
"action": "abducts little finger",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor digiti minimi (hand)",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar",
"origin": "hamate bone",
"insertion": "little finger",
"artery": "ulnar artery",
"nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve",
"action": "flexes little finger",
"antagonist": "extensor digiti minimi",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "opponens digiti minimi (hand)",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar",
"origin": "hook of flexor retinaculum",
"insertion": "medial border of 5th metacarpal",
"artery": "ulnar artery",
"nerve": "C8 and T1)",
"action": "draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "lumbricals of the hand 1-4",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate",
"origin": "flexor digitorum profundus",
"insertion": "extensor expansion",
"artery": "dorsal digital artery",
"nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve",
"action": "flex extend interphalangeal joints",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 8,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "dorsal interossei (hand) 1-4",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate",
"origin": "metacarpals",
"insertion": "proximal phalanges",
"artery": "dorsal metacarpal artery, palmar metacarpal artery",
"nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve",
"action": "abduct fingers",
"antagonist": "palmar interossei",
"o": 8,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "palmar interossei 1-3",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate",
"origin": "metacarpals",
"insertion": "proximal phalanges",
"artery": "palmar metacarpal artery",
"nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve",
"action": "adduct fingers",
"antagonist": "dorsal interossei",
"o": 6,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pollical palmar interosseus",
"location": "Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate",
"origin": "metacarpals",
"insertion": "proximal phalanges",
"artery": "palmar metacarpal artery",
"nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve",
"action": "adduct fingers",
"antagonist": "dorsal interossei",
"o": 1,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "psoas major",
"location": "Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas",
"origin": "transverse processes, bodies and T12-L5 vertebrae",
"insertion": "lesser trochanter of femur",
"artery": "iliolumbar artery",
"nerve": "L1, L2, L3",
"action": "flexes and rotates laterally thigh",
"antagonist": "gluteus maximus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "psoas minor",
"location": "Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas",
"origin": "side of T11+L1 and IV intervertebral disc",
"insertion": "Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence",
"artery": "iliolumbar artery, lumbar arteries",
"nerve": "L1",
"action": "weakly flexes trunk flexor",
"antagonist": "gluteus maximus",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "iliacus",
"location": "Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas",
"origin": "iliac fossa",
"insertion": "lesser trochanter of femur",
"artery": "medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery",
"nerve": "L2, L3[)",
"action": "flexes hip",
"antagonist": "gluteus maximus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "tensor fasciae latae",
"location": "Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right",
"origin": "iliac crest",
"insertion": "iliotibial tract",
"artery": "primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, superior gluteal artery",
"nerve": "L4, L5)",
"action": "flexes medially rotates thigh, stabilises torso",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "gluteus maximus",
"location": "Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right",
"origin": "gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament",
"insertion": "gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract",
"artery": "superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery",
"nerve": "L5, S1, S2 nerve roots)",
"action": "externally rotates and extends hip joint, supports extended knee through iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting",
"antagonist": "Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "gluteus medius",
"location": "Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right",
"origin": "gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus",
"insertion": "greater trochanter of femur",
"artery": "superior gluteal artery",
"nerve": "L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)",
"action": "abduction of adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh",
"antagonist": "lateral rotator group",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "gluteus minimus",
"location": "Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right",
"origin": "gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius",
"insertion": "greater trochanter of femur",
"artery": "superior gluteal artery",
"nerve": "L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)",
"action": "abduction of adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh",
"antagonist": "lateral rotator group",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "piriformis",
"location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right",
"origin": "sacrum",
"insertion": "greater trochanter",
"artery": "inferior gluteal artery, lateral sacral artery, superior gluteal artery",
"nerve": "S1 and S2 nerve roots)",
"action": "laterally rotates (outward) thigh",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "obturator externus",
"location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right",
"origin": "obturator foramen and obturatory membrane",
"insertion": "medial surface of greater trochanter of femur",
"artery": "obturator artery",
"nerve": "L3, L4)",
"action": "adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "superior gemellus",
"location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right",
"origin": "ischial spine",
"insertion": "",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "L5, S1, S2)",
"action": "",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "obturator internus",
"location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right",
"origin": "ischiopubic ramus, obturator membrane",
"insertion": "medial surface of greater trochanter of femur",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "L5, S1, S2)",
"action": "abducts & rotates laterally thigh, stabilises hip during walking",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "inferior gemellus",
"location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right",
"origin": "ischial tuberosity",
"insertion": "obturator internus tendon",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)",
"action": "laterally rotates thigh",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "quadratus femoris",
"location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right",
"origin": "ischial tuberosity",
"insertion": "intertrochanteric crest",
"artery": "inferior gluteal artery",
"nerve": "nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)",
"action": "",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "articularis genus",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment",
"origin": "femur",
"insertion": "suprapatellar bursa",
"artery": "femoral artery",
"nerve": "femoral nerve",
"action": "pulls suprapatellar bursa during extension of knee",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "sartorius",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment",
"origin": "superior to anterior superior iliac spine",
"insertion": "medial side of upper pes anserinus",
"artery": "femoral artery",
"nerve": "femoral nerve",
"action": "flexes, laterally rotates, and abducts flexes and medially rotates leg",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "rectus femoris",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment",
"origin": "anterior inferior iliac spine and exterior surface of bony ridge which forms iliac portion of acetabulum",
"insertion": "patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon",
"artery": "femoral artery",
"nerve": "femoral nerve",
"action": "extension; hip flexion",
"antagonist": "hamstring",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "vastus lateralis",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment",
"origin": "greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera of femur",
"insertion": "patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon",
"artery": "femoral artery",
"nerve": "femoral nerve",
"action": "extends knee",
"antagonist": "hamstring",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "vastus intermedius",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment",
"origin": "anterior surface of femur",
"insertion": "patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon",
"artery": "femoral artery",
"nerve": "femoral nerve",
"action": "extends knee",
"antagonist": "hamstring",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "vastus medialis",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment",
"origin": "anteromedial surface of femur",
"insertion": "patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon",
"artery": "femoral artery",
"nerve": "femoral nerve",
"action": "extends knee",
"antagonist": "hamstring",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "biceps femoris",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring",
"origin": "Gosling 2008, p. 273]",
"insertion": "head of fibula[",
"action": "adducts flexes medially rotates knee][",
"antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "pectineus",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)",
"origin": "superior pubic ramus][",
"insertion": "lesser trochanter, linea aspera",
"artery": "obturator artery",
"nerve": "femoral nerve and obturator nerve (medial compartment)][",
"action": "adducts and flexes hip][",
"antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "adductor brevis",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)",
"origin": "anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus][",
"insertion": "lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur",
"artery": "obturator artery",
"nerve": "anterior branch of obturator nerve][",
"antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "adductor longus",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)",
"origin": "pubic body just below pubic crest",
"insertion": "middle third of linea aspera",
"artery": "obturator artery",
"nerve": "anterior branch of obturator nerve][",
"antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "adductor magnus, adductor part",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)",
"origin": "pubis][",
"insertion": "femur, adductor tubercle of femur",
"artery": "obturator artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical head)][",
"action": "adducts hip][",
"antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 3
},
{
"muscle": "adductor minimus",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles), part of adductor magnus",
"origin": "Inferior ramus",
"insertion": "Linea aspera of the femur",
"artery": "Obturator artery and the medial circumflex femoral artery of the femoral artery.",
"nerve": "Obturator and tibial nerves",
"action": "Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh",
"antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 3
},
{
"muscle": "adductor magnus, ischiocondylar part",
"location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)",
"origin": "pubis][",
"insertion": "femur, adductor tubercle of femur",
"artery": "obturator artery",
"nerve": "posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical head)][",
"action": "adducts hip][",
"antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 3
},
{
"muscle": "tibialis anterior",
"location": "Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment",
"origin": "body of tibia",
"insertion": "medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of foot",
"artery": "anterior tibial artery",
"nerve": "deep fibular nerve",
"action": "dorsiflexes and inverts foot",
"antagonist": "gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor hallucis longus",
"location": "Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment",
"origin": "middle portion of anterior surface of fibula, anterior surface of interosseous membrane",
"insertion": "dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of hallux",
"artery": "anterior tibial artery",
"nerve": "deep fibular nerve",
"action": "extends big toe, assists in dorsiflexion of foot at ankle, weakly inverts foot",
"antagonist": "flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor digitorum longus",
"location": "Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment",
"origin": "lateral condyle of tibia, superior ¾ of interosseous membrane",
"insertion": "middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits",
"artery": "anterior tibial artery",
"nerve": "deep fibular nerve",
"action": "extension of toes and ankle",
"antagonist": "flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "fibularis tertius",
"location": "Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment",
"origin": "distal anterior surface of fibula",
"insertion": "dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal",
"artery": "anterior tibial artery",
"nerve": "deep fibular nerve",
"action": "dorsi flexes and everts foot",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "gastrocnemius",
"location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Calf",
"origin": "medial condyle and lateral condyle of femur",
"insertion": "calcaneus",
"artery": "sural arteries",
"nerve": "S1, S2",
"action": "plantarflexes flexes knee (minor)",
"antagonist": "tibialis anterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "soleus",
"location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Calf",
"origin": "fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line)",
"insertion": "tendo calcaneus",
"artery": "sural arteries",
"nerve": "tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2",
"action": "plantarflexes ankle",
"antagonist": "tibialis anterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "plantaris",
"location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial",
"origin": "gastrocnemius",
"insertion": "calcaneal tendon (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon)",
"artery": "sural arteries",
"nerve": "tibial nerve",
"action": "plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee",
"antagonist": "tibialis anterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "popliteus",
"location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep",
"origin": "middle facet of lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle",
"insertion": "posterior tibial condyles",
"artery": "popliteal artery",
"nerve": "tibial nerve",
"action": "medially rotates and flexes knee",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor hallucis longus",
"location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel",
"origin": "posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula",
"insertion": "base of distal phalanx of hallux",
"artery": "fibular artery (peroneal branch of posterior tibial artery",
"nerve": "S1, S2 nerve roots",
"action": "flexes all joints of big toe, plantarflexes ankle",
"antagonist": "extensor hallucis longus",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor digitorum longus",
"location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel",
"origin": "medial tibia",
"insertion": "distal phalanges of lateral four digits",
"artery": "posterior tibial artery",
"nerve": "tibial nerve",
"action": "flexes toes",
"antagonist": "extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "tibialis posterior",
"location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel",
"origin": "tibia, fibula",
"insertion": "navicular, medial cuneiform",
"artery": "posterior tibial artery",
"nerve": "tibial nerve",
"action": "inverts plantarflexes foot at ankle",
"antagonist": "tibialis anterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "fibularis longus",
"location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment",
"origin": "fibula",
"insertion": "first metatarsal, medial cuneiform",
"artery": "fibular artery",
"nerve": "superficial fibular nerve",
"action": "plantarflexes and everts ankle",
"antagonist": "tibialis anterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "fibularis brevis",
"location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment",
"origin": "fibula",
"insertion": "fifth metatarsal",
"artery": "fibular artery",
"nerve": "superficial fibular nerve",
"action": "plantarflexes and everts ankle",
"antagonist": "tibialis posterior",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor digitorum brevis",
"location": "Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right",
"origin": "calcaneus",
"insertion": "toes",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "deep fibular nerve",
"action": "extends digits 2, 3, and 4",
"antagonist": "flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "extensor hallucis brevis",
"location": "Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right",
"origin": "calcaneus",
"insertion": "base of proximal phalanx of big toe",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "deep fibular nerve",
"action": "extends big toe",
"antagonist": "flexor hallucis brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "dorsal interossei (foot) 1-4",
"location": "Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal / Fourth layer, left/right",
"origin": "metatarsals",
"insertion": "proximal phalanges",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "lateral plantar nerve('''fourth interosseous space''': superficial branch '''others''': deep branch), '''first and second interossei''': lateral branch of deep fibular nerve",
"action": "abducts toes",
"antagonist": "plantar interossei",
"o": 8,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "abductor hallucis",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right",
"origin": "medial process of flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis",
"insertion": "medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "medial plantar nerve",
"action": "abducts hallux",
"antagonist": "adductor hallucis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor digitorum brevis",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right",
"origin": "medial process of intermuscular septa",
"insertion": "middle phalanges of digits 2–5",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "medial plantar nerve",
"action": "flexes lateral four toes",
"antagonist": "extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "abductor digiti minimi (foot)",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right",
"origin": "plantar aponeurosis",
"insertion": "phalanges of fifth toe",
"artery": "lateral plantar artery",
"nerve": "S1, S2)",
"action": "flexes and abducts fifth toe",
"antagonist": "flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "Abductor of fifth metatarsal abductor ossis metatarsi quinti (foot)",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right",
"origin": "calcaneus",
"insertion": "fifth toe",
"artery": "lateral plantar artery",
"nerve": "S1, S2)",
"action": "abducts fifth toe",
"antagonist": "flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "quadratus plantae",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right",
"origin": "calcaneus",
"insertion": "tendons of flexor digitorum longus",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)",
"action": "flexes flexor digitorum longus)",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "lumbricals of the foot 1-4",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right",
"origin": "tendons of flexor digitorum longus",
"insertion": "medial surface of extensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes",
"artery": "lateral plantar artery, plantar arch, four plantar metatarsal arteries",
"nerve": "lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) and medial plantar nerve (first lumbrical)",
"action": "maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints",
"antagonist": "",
"o": 8,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "flexor hallucis brevis",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right",
"origin": "plantar surface of cuneiforms, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, long plantar ligament",
"insertion": "'''medial head''': medial sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe",
"artery": "'''lateral head''': lateral sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe",
"nerve": "",
"action": "medial plantar nerve",
"antagonist": "flexes big toe",
"o": null,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "adductor hallucis",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right",
"origin": "'''oblique head''': proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsals",
"insertion": "'''transverse head''': metatarsophalangeal joints, ligaments of lateral 3 toes",
"artery": "lateral side of base of proximal big toe, sesamoid",
"nerve": "",
"action": "lateral plantar nerve",
"antagonist": "adducts big toe",
"o": null,
"ta": 2
},
{
"muscle": "flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right",
"origin": "fifth metatarsal bone",
"insertion": "phalanx of fifth toe",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "|lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch)",
"action": "extends and adducts fifth toe",
"antagonist": "abductor digiti minimi",
"o": 2,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "opponens digiti minimi muscle of foot (opponens digiti quinti)",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right",
"origin": "?",
"insertion": "middle phalanges of digit 5",
"artery": "",
"nerve": "?",
"action": "?",
"antagonist": "?",
"o": 0,
"ta": 1
},
{
"muscle": "plantar interossei 1-3",
"location": "Lower limb, plantar, Fourth layer, left/right",
"origin": "tendons of plantar Interossei",
"insertion": "proximal phalanges III-V - muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes",
"artery": "dorsal metatarsal artery",
"nerve": "lateral plantar nerve",
"action": "adducts transverse arch",
"antagonist": "dorsal interossei",
"o": 6,
"ta": 1
}
]]