diff --git a/data/data.txt b/data/data.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf2a6f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/data.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3180 @@ +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Occipitalis muscle|occipitalis]] +| head, [[occipitofrontalis muscle|occipitofrontalis]], back of skull (left/right) +| [[superior nuchal line]] of [[occipital bone]], [[Mastoid part of the temporal bone|mastoid part]] of [[temporal bone]] +| [[epicranial aponeurosis]] +| [[occipital artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[posterior auricular nerve]] +| retracts [[scalp]] +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Frontalis muscle|frontalis]] +| head, [[occipitofrontalis muscle|occipitofrontalis]], forehead (left/right) +| skin of eyebrow and [[glabella]] +| [[epicranial aponeurosis]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Temporal branches of the facial nerve|temporal branch]] +| wrinkles [[eyebrow]] +| procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles{{Citation |last1=Pessino |first1=Kenneth |title=Anatomy, Head and Neck; Frontalis Muscle |date=2023 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557752/ |work=StatPearls |access-date=2023-07-02 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=32491684 |last2=Patel |first2=Jay |last3=Patel |first3=Bhupendra C.}} +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Orbicularis oculi muscle|orbicularis oculi]], orbital part +| head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) +| [[frontal bone]] +| [[lateral palpebral raphe]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]], [[zygomatico-orbital artery]], [[angular artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[zygomatic branch]] +| closes [[eyelids]] (voluntary, winking/squeezing) +| [[levator palpebrae superioris muscle|levator palpebrae superioris]] +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Orbicularis oculi muscle|orbicularis oculi]], palpebral part +| head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) +| [[medial palpebral ligament]] +| [[lateral palpebral raphe]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]], [[zygomatico-orbital artery]], [[angular artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[zygomatic branch]] +| closes [[eyelids]] (involuntary, blinking/sleeping) +| [[levator palpebrae superioris muscle|levator palpebrae superioris]] +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Orbicularis oculi muscle|orbicularis oculi]], deep palpebral (lacrimal) part +| head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) +| [[Lacrimal bone|posterior crest]] of [[lacrimal bone]] +| Edges of eyelids +| [[ophthalmic artery]], [[zygomatico-orbital artery]], [[angular artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[zygomatic branch]] +| facilitates tear ducts +| ? +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Corrugator supercilii muscle|corrugator supercilii]] +| head, eye (left/right) +| [[Nasal part of frontal bone|nasal part]] of [[frontal bone]] +| intermediate third of skin of [[eyebrow]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[zygomatic branch]] +| moves skin of [[forehead]] medially and inferiorly (towards root of [[Human nose|nose]]) +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Depressor supercilii muscle|depressor supercilii]] +| head, eye (left/right) +| [[Nasal part of frontal bone|nasal part]] of [[frontal bone]], medial rim of [[orbit]] +| medial third of skin of [[eyebrow]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[zygomatic branch]] +| moves skin of [[eyebrow]]s inferiorly +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Levator palpebrae superioris muscle|levator palpebrae superioris]] +| head, extraocular (left/right) +| [[sphenoid bone]] +| [[tarsal plate]], upper [[eyelid]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[oculomotor nerve]] [CNIII] +| [[retracts]] and [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] [[eyelid]] +| [[orbicularis oculi muscle|orbicularis oculi]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[superior tarsal muscle|superior tarsal]] +| head, extraocular (left/right) +| underside of [[levator palpebrae superioris]] +| [[superior tarsal plate]] of [[eyelid]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[sympathetic nervous system]] +| raises [[upper eyelid]] +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Superior rectus muscle|rectus, superior]] +| head, eye, orbit (left/right) +| [[annulus of Zinn]] at orbital apex +| 7.5 mm superior to [[corneal limbus]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[oculomotor nerve]] [CNIII], [[Superior branch of oculomotor nerve|superior branch]] +| [[adduction|adduct]]s, [[elevates]], and [[Anatomical terms of motion|medially rotates]] [[Human eye|eye]] +| Oblique Superior and inferior +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Inferior rectus muscle|rectus, inferior]] +| head, eye, orbit (left/right) +| [[annulus of Zinn]] at orbital apex +| 6.5 mm inferior to [[corneal limbus]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[oculomotor nerve]] [CNIII], [[Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve|inferior branch]] +| [[adduction|adducts]] and [[depression (kinesiology)|depresses]] [[Human eye|eye]] +| Oblique Superior and inferior +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Medial rectus muscle|rectus, medial]] +| head, eye, orbit (left/right) +| [[annulus of Zinn]] at orbital apex +| 5.5 mm medial to [[corneal limbus]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[oculomotor nerve]] [CNIII], [[Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve|inferior branch]] +| [[adduction|adduct]]s [[Human eye|eye]] +| Oblique Superior and inferior +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Lateral rectus muscle|rectus, lateral]] +| head, eye, orbit (left/right) +| [[annulus of Zinn]] at orbital apex +| 7 mm temporal to [[corneal limbus]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[abducens nerve]] [CNVI] +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] [[Human eye|eye]] +| Oblique Superior and inferior +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Superior oblique muscle|oblique, superior]] +| head, extraocular (left/right) +| [[annulus of Zinn]] at orbital apex, medial to [[optic canal]] +| outer posterior quadrant of [[Human eyeball|eyeball]] +| [[ophthalmic artery]], lateral muscular branch +| [[trochlear nerve]] [CNIV] +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]], [[intorsion|intorts]], and [[Depression (kinesiology)|depress]] [[Human eye|eye]] +| right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists) +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Inferior oblique muscle|oblique, inferior]] +| head, extraocular (left/right) +| orbital surface of [[maxilla]], lateral to [[lacrimal groove]] +| laterally onto [[Human eyeball|eyeball]], deep to [[lateral rectus]], by a short flat tendon +| [[ophthalmic artery]] +| [[oculomotor nerve]] [CNIII] +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]], [[extorsion|extorts]], and [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] [[Human eye|eye]] +| right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists) +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[temporoparietalis muscle|temporoparietalis]] +| head, ear, outer ear (left/right) +| [[auriculares muscles]] +| [[epicranial aponeurosis]] +| +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII] +| fixes galeal aponeurosis +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[anterior auricular muscle|auricularis anterior]] +| head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right) +| [[temporal fascia]] +| front of [[helix (ear)|helix]] of [[ear]] +| [[posterior auricular artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII] +| pulls [[Auricle (anatomy)|auricle]] forwards +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[superior auricular muscle|auricularis superior]] +| head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right) +| [[epicranial aponeurosis]] +| [[Anatomical terms of location|dorsocranial]] surface of [[Auricle (anatomy)|auricle]] +| [[posterior auricular artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII] +| pulls [[Auricle (anatomy)|auricle]] upwards +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[posterior auricular muscle|auricularis posterior]] +| head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right) +| [[Mastoid part of the temporal bone|mastoid process]] of [[temporal bone]], [[tendon]] of [[Sternocleidomastoid muscle|sternocleidomastoid]] +| dorsal part of [[Auricle (anatomy)|auricle]] +| [[posterior auricular artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII] +| pulls [[Auricle (anatomy)|auricle]] backwards +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[helicis major]] +| head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) +| [[Spina helicis]] +| Anterior border of the [[helix (ear)|helix]] +| [[Auricular branch of posterior auricular artery|Auricular branches]] of [[Posterior auricular artery|posterior auricular]] and [[Auricular branch of occipital artery|auricular branch]] of [[Occipital artery|occipital arteries]] +| [[Facial nerve]] +| depresses the anterior margin of the ear cartilage +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[helicis minor]] +| head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) +| Base of the [[helical crus]] +| Anterior aspect of the helical crus +| [[Auricular branch of posterior auricular artery|Auricular branches]] of [[Posterior auricular artery|posterior auricular]] and [[Auricular branch of occipital artery|auricular branch]] of [[Occipital artery|occipital arteries]] +| [[Facial nerve]], [[Posterior auricular nerve]] branch +| Adjusts the shape of the anterior margin of the ear cartilage +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[tragicus]] +| head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) +| Base of the [[tragus (ear)|tragus]] +| Apex of the [[tragus (ear)|tragus]] +| [[Auricular branch of posterior auricular artery|Auricular branches]] of [[Posterior auricular artery|posterior auricular]] and [[Auricular branch of occipital artery|auricular branch]] of [[Occipital artery|occipital arteries]] +| [[Facial nerve]] +| Increase the opening of the [[external acoustic meatus]] +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[antitragicus]] +| head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) +| Outer part of the [[antitragus]] +| [[Cauda helicis]] and [[antihelix]] +| [[Anterior auricular branches of superficial temporal artery|Auricular branch]] of [[superficial temporal artery|superficial temporal]] and [[Auricular branch of posterior auricular artery|auricular branches]] of [[posterior auricular artery]] +| [[Facial nerve]] +| Modifies the auricular shape +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Transverse muscle of auricle|auricle, transverse]] +| head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) +| Cranial surface of the [[eminentia conchae]] +| Cranial surface of the [[eminentia scaphae]] +| [[Auricular branch of posterior auricular artery|Auricular branches]] of [[Posterior auricular artery|posterior auricular]] and [[Auricular branch of occipital artery|auricular branch]] of [[Occipital artery|occipital arteries]] +| [[Facial nerve]] +| Flattens the cranial profile [[Pinna (anatomy)|outer ear]] +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[oblique muscle of auricle|auricle, oblique]] +| head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) +| ? +| ? +| ? +| [[Facial nerve]], [[posterior auricular nerve]] +| ? +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | Muscle of terminal notch{{Cite web |title=Muscle of terminal notch - e-Anatomy - IMAIOS |url=https://www.imaios.com/en/e-anatomy/anatomical-structure/muscle-of-terminal-notch-1541081620 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=www.imaios.com |language=en}} +| head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right) +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Stapedius muscle|stapedius]] +| head, ear, inner ear (left/right) +| tip of pyramid of [[middle ear]] +| neck of [[stapes]] +| [[Stapedial branch of posterior auricular artery|stapedial branch]] of [[posterior auricular artery]] +| [[nerve to the stapedius]] from [[facial nerve]] [CNVII] +| reduces movement of [[stapes]], controls amplitude of [[sound|sound waves]] to [[inner ear]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Tensor tympani muscle|tensor tympani]] +| head, ear, inner ear (left/right) +| [[Eustachian tube]] +| handle of [[malleus]] +| [[superior tympanic artery]] +| [[medial pterygoid nerve]] from [[mandibular nerve]] [CNV3] +| tenses [[tympanic membrane]], controls amplitude of [[sound|sound waves]] to [[inner ear]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[procerus muscle|procerus]] +| head, nose (left/right) +| [[fascia]] over lower part of [[nasal bone]] +| skin of lower part of [[forehead]] between [[eyebrow]]s +| [[facial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| draws down medial angle of [[eyebrow]] (giving expressions of [[frowning]]) +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Depressor septi nasi muscle|depressor septi nasi]] +| head, nose (left/right) +| [[incisive fossa]] of [[maxilla]] +| [[nasal septum]] and back part of alar part of [[nasalis muscle|nasalis]] +| [[superior labial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| [[Depression (kinesiology)|depresses]] [[nasal septum]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle|levator nasolabialis]] (levator labii superioris alaeque nasi) +| head, nose (left/right) +| frontal process of [[maxilla]] +| [[nostril]] and upper [[lip]] +| [[superior labial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| [[wikt:dilates|dilates]] [[nostril]], [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] [[upper lip]], [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] [[wing of the nose|wing of nose]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[compressor naris|nasalis, transverse part]] +| head, nose, nasalis, transverse part (left/right) +| alveolar yoke of [[canine tooth]] +| [[lateral nasal cartilage]] +| [[superior labial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| compresses [[nostril]]s +| +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[dilator naris muscle|nasalis, alar part]] +| head, nose, nasalis, alar part (left/right) +| alveolar yoke of lateral incisor tooth, [[greater alar cartilage|greater]] and [[lesser alar cartilages]] +| skin near margin of [[nostril]] +| [[superior labial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| dilates [[nostril]]s +| +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[levator anguli oris]] +| head, mouth (left/right) +| [[maxilla]] +| [[Modiolus (face)|modiolus of mouth]] +| [[facial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII] +| [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] angle of [[Human mouth|mouth]] ([[smile]]) +| [[Depressor anguli oris muscle|depressor anguli oris]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Depressor anguli oris muscle|depressor anguli oris]] +| head, mouth (left/right) +| [[Tubercle (anatomy)|tubercle]] of [[human mandible|mandible]] +| [[Modiolus (face)|modiolus of mouth]] +| [[facial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[mandibular branch]] +| [[Depression (kinesiology)|depresses]] angle of [[Human mouth|mouth]] (frown) +| [[levator anguli oris]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Transverse muscle of the chin|transversus menti]] +| head, mouth (left/right) +| continuation of depressor anguli oris muscles +| other side of depressor anguli oris muscles +| [[facial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[mandibular branch]] or buccal branch +| [[Depression (kinesiology)|depresses]] angle of [[Human mouth|mouth]] (frown) +| [[levator anguli oris]] +| 0.6{{cite journal |last1=Weaver |first1=C |title=Frequency of occurrence of the transversus menti muscle. |journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |date=February 1978 |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=231–3 |doi=10.1097/00006534-197802000-00013 |pmid=622414|s2cid=27905510 }} +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[levator labii superioris]] +| head, mouth (left/right) +| [[medial infra-orbital margin|medial part of infra-orbital margin]] of [[maxilla]] +| skin and muscle of [[upper lip]] ([[labii superioris]]) +| [[superior labial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] [[upper lip]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Depressor labii inferioris muscle|depressor labii inferioris]] +| head, mouth (left/right) +| oblique line of [[human mandible|mandible]], between [[symphysis]] and [[mental foramen]] +| integument of [[lower lip]], [[Orbicularis oris muscle|orbicularis oris]] fibers, its fellow of opposite side +| [[inferior labial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve|marginal mandibular branch]] +| [[Depression (kinesiology)|depresses]] [[lower lip]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[mentalis]] +| head, mouth (left/right) +| alveolar yoke of lower, lateral incisor tooth, found on [[anatomical terms of location|anterior]] [[human mandible|mandible]] +| skin of [[chin]] +| [[inferior labial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve|marginal mandibular branch]] +| elevates and wrinkles skin of [[chin]], protrudes [[Lip|lower lip]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Buccinator muscle|bucinator]] (buccinator) +| head, mouth (left/right) +| [[alveolar process of maxilla|alveolar processes]] of [[maxillary bone|maxilla]] and [[human mandible|mandible]], [[pterygomandibular raphe]] +| fibres of [[orbicularis oris]] +| [[buccal artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| compress cheeks against [[Human tooth|teeth]] (blowing), [[mastication]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Orbicularis oris muscle|orbicularis oris]], marginal part +| head, mouth (left/right) +| [[maxilla]] and [[human mandible|mandible]] +| skin around [[lip]]s +| [[superior labial artery]], [[inferior labial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| puckers [[lip]]s +| +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Orbicularis oris muscle|orbicularis oris]], labial part +| head, mouth (left/right) +| [[maxilla]] and [[human mandible|mandible]] +| skin around [[lip]]s +| [[superior labial artery]], [[inferior labial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| puckers [[lip]]s +| +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[risorius]] +| head, mouth (left/right) +| [[parotid]] [[fascia]] +| [[modiolus (face)|modiolus]] of mouth +| [[facial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| draw back angle of [[Human mouth|mouth]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Zygomaticus major muscle|zygomaticus major]] +| head, mouth (left/right) +| [[zygomatic bone]] in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture +| [[Modiolus (face)|modiolus]] of [[Human mouth|mouth]] +| [[facial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| draws angle of [[Human mouth|mouth]] upward and laterally +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Zygomaticus minor muscle|zygomaticus minor]] +| head, mouth (left/right) +| [[zygomatic bone]] in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture +| skin of [[upper lip]] +| [[facial artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII], [[Buccal branches of the facial nerve|buccal branch]] +| elevates [[upper lip]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[masseter muscle|masseter]], superficial part +| head, coronal plane (left/right) +| anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of [[zygomatic arch]] and [[maxilla]] +| angle of [[mandible]], masseteric tuberosity of [[mandible]] +| [[masseteric artery]] +| [[masseteric nerve]] from [[mandibular nerve]] [CNV3] +| [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] and [[Retraction (kinesiology)|retracts]] [[human mandible|mandible]] (closes mouth) +| [[platysma muscle|platysma]] +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[masseter muscle|masseter]], deep part +| head, coronal plane (left/right) +| anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of [[zygomatic arch]] and [[maxilla]] +| angle of [[mandible]], masseteric tuberosity of [[mandible]] +| [[masseteric artery]] +| [[masseteric nerve]] from [[mandibular nerve]] [CNV3] +| [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] and [[Retraction (kinesiology)|retracts]] [[human mandible|mandible]] (closes mouth) +| [[platysma muscle|platysma]] +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Temporalis muscle|temporalis]] +| head, coronal plane (left/right) +| [[temporal lines]] on [[parietal bone]] of [[skull]] +| [[Coronoid process of the mandible|coronoid process]] of [[human mandible|mandible]] +| [[deep temporal arteries]] +| [[deep temporal nerves]] from [[mandibular nerve]] [CNV3] +| [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] and [[Retraction (kinesiology)|retracts]] [[human mandible|mandible]] (closes mouth) +| [[platysma muscle|platysma]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Lateral pterygoid muscle|pterygoid, lateral]] +| head, coronal plane (left/right) +| [[Greater wing of sphenoid bone|greater wing of sphenoid]] and [[pterygoid plate|lateral pterygoid process]] +| [[condyloid process]] of [[mandible]] +| [[maxillary artery]], [[Pterygoid branches of maxillary artery|pterygoid branches]] +| [[external pterygoid nerve]] from [[mandibular nerve]] [CNV3] +| [[Depression (kinesiology)|depresses]] [[human mandible|mandible]] (opens mouth) +| [[Masseter muscle|masseter]], [[Temporalis muscle|temporalis]], [[Medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | pterygoideus proprius{{Cite journal |last=Barker |first=B. C. |date=October 1981 |title=The pterygoideus proprius muscle |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6949532/ |journal=Australian Dental Journal |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=309–310 |doi=10.1111/j.1834-7819.1981.tb05228.x |issn=0045-0421 |pmid=6949532}} +| head, coronal plane (left/right) +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Medial pterygoid muscle|pterygoid, medial]] +| head, coronal plane (left/right) +| medial side of [[lateral pterygoid plate]] behind upper teeth (deep head); [[pyramidal process of palatine bone]] and [[maxillary tuberosity]] (superficial head) +| medial [[angle of the mandible|angle of mandible]] +| [[maxillary artery]], [[Pterygoid branches of maxillary artery|pterygoid branches]] +| [[mandibular nerve]] [CNV3], [[medial pterygoid nerve]] +| [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] mandible, closes [[jaw]], helps [[lateral pterygoid muscle|lateral pterygoid]] in moving jaw from side to side +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[genioglossus]], inferior fibers +| head, tongue (left/right) +| superior part of mental spine of [[human mandible|mandible]] ([[symphysis menti]]) +| dorsum of [[tongue]], body of [[hyoid]] +| [[lingual artery]] +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| protrudes [[tongue]] +| +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[genioglossus]], middle fibers +| head, tongue (left/right) +| superior part of mental spine of [[human mandible|mandible]] ([[symphysis menti]]) +| dorsum of [[tongue]], body of [[hyoid]] +| [[lingual artery]] +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| depresses [[tongue]] +| +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[genioglossus]], superior fibers +| head, tongue (left/right) +| superior part of mental spine of [[human mandible|mandible]] ([[symphysis menti]]) +| dorsum of [[tongue]], body of [[hyoid]] +| [[lingual artery]] +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| draws tip of [[tongue]] back and down +| +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[hyoglossus]] (ceratoglossus) +| head, tongue (left/right) +| [[hyoid]] +| side of [[tongue]] +| +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| depresses [[tongue]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[chondroglossus]] +| head, tongue (left/right) +| [[lesser cornu]] and body of [[hyoid bone]] +| intrinsic muscular fibers of [[tongue]] +| +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| depresses [[tongue]] (some consider this muscle to be part of [[hyoglossus]]) +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[styloglossus]] +| head, tongue (left/right) +| [[styloid process (temporal)|styloid process of temporal bone]] +| [[tongue]] +| [[lingual artery]], sublingual branch +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| elevates and retracts [[tongue]] +| inferior and middle fibers of [[genioglossus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Palatoglossus muscle|palatoglossus]] +| head, tongue and soft palate (left/right) +| [[palatine aponeurosis]] +| [[tongue]] +| +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve|pharyngeal plexus]] and [[accessory nerve]] [CNXI] +| raises back part of [[tongue]], aiding in breathing +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[superior longitudinal muscle|superior longitudinal lingual]] +| head, tongue (left/right) +| close to [[epiglottis]], from [[median fibrous septum]] +| edges of [[tongue]] +| [[lingual artery]], [[Tonsillar branch of the facial artery|tonsilar branch]] of [[facial artery]], [[ascending pharyngeal artery]] +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| shortens [[tongue]], turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[transversus muscle|transversus linguae]] +| head, tongue (left/right) +| [[median fibrous septum]] +| sides of [[tongue]] +| [[lingual artery]], [[Tonsillar branch of the facial artery|tonsilar branch]] of [[facial artery]], [[ascending pharyngeal artery]] +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| narrows [[tongue]] with no elongation +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[inferior longitudinal muscle|inferior longitudinal lingual]] +| head, tongue (left/right) +| root of [[tongue]] +| apex of [[tongue]] +| [[lingual artery]], [[Tonsillar branch of the facial artery|tonsilar branch]] of [[facial artery]], [[ascending pharyngeal artery]] +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| shortens [[tongue]], retracts, pulls tip downward +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[verticalis muscle|verticalis linguae]] +| head, tongue (left/right) +| dorsum of [[tongue]] +| inferior surface borders of tongue +| [[lingual artery]], [[Tonsillar branch of the facial artery|tonsilar branch]] of [[facial artery]], [[ascending pharyngeal artery]] +| [[hypoglossal nerve]] [CNXII] +| +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Tensor veli palatini muscle|tensor veli palatini]] +| head, soft palate (left/right) +| [[Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid|medial pterygoid plate]] of [[sphenoid bone]] +| [[palatine aponeurosis]] +| +| [[mandibular nerve]] [CNV3], [[medial pterygoid nerve]] +| tenses [[soft palate]], aids in [[swallowing]] +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[levator veli palatini]] +| head, soft palate (left/right) +| [[temporal bone]], [[Eustachian tube]] +| [[palatine aponeurosis]] +| [[facial artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve|pharyngeal plexus]] +| elevates [[soft palate]] +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[palatopharyngeus muscle|palatopharyngeus]] +| head, soft palate (left/right) +| [[palatine aponeurosis]] and [[hard palate]] +| upper border of [[thyroid cartilage]] (blends with constrictor fibers) +| [[facial artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve|pharyngeal branch]] +| aids in [[breathing]] by pulling [[human pharynx|pharynx]] and [[larynx]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[uvula]]e +| head, soft palate (left/right) +| [[hard palate]] +| soft tissue of [[uvula]] +| +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve|pharyngeal branch]] +| moves and changes shape of [[uvula]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[stylopharyngeus muscle|stylopharyngeus]] +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| [[Styloid process (temporal)|styloid process]] of [[temporal bone]] +| [[thyroid cartilage]] ([[human pharynx|pharynx]]) +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal arteries|pharyngeal branches]] +| [[glossopharyngeal nerve]] [CNIX] +| elevates [[larynx]], elevates [[human pharynx|pharynx]], [[swallowing]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[salpingopharyngeus muscle|salpingopharyngeus]] +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| cartilage of [[Eustachian tube]] +| posterior [[Muscle fascicle|fasciculus]] of [[pharyngopalatinus]] +| +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[accessory nerve]] [CNXI] +| raises [[nasopharynx]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle|pharyngeal constrictor, inferior]], thyropharyngeal part +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| [[cricoid cartilage]], [[thyroid cartilage]] +| [[pharyngeal raphe]] +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal arteries|pharyngeal branches]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[superior laryngeal nerve]], [[external laryngeal]] branch and [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]] +| [[swallowing]] +| +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle|pharyngeal constrictor, inferior]], cricopharyngeal part +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| [[cricoid cartilage]], [[thyroid cartilage]] +| [[pharyngeal raphe]] +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal arteries|pharyngeal branches]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[superior laryngeal nerve]], [[external laryngeal]] branch and [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]] +| [[swallowing]] +| +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle|pharyngeal constrictor, middle]], chondropharyngeal part +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| [[hyoid bone]] +| [[pharyngeal raphe]] +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal arteries|pharyngeal branches]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve|pharyngeal plexus]] +| [[swallowing]] +| +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle|pharyngeal constrictor, middle]], ceratopharyngeal part +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| [[hyoid bone]] +| [[pharyngeal raphe]] +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal arteries|pharyngeal branches]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve|pharyngeal plexus]] +| [[swallowing]] +| +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle|pharyngeal constrictor, superior]], pterygopharyngeal part +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| [[medial pterygoid plate]], [[pterygomandibular raphé]], [[alveolar process of maxilla|alveolar process]] +| [[pharyngeal raphe]], [[pharyngeal tubercle]] +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[Tonsillar branch of the facial artery|tonsilar branch]] of [[facial artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve|pharyngeal plexus]] +| [[swallowing]] +| +| 2 +| 4 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle|pharyngeal constrictor, superior]], buccopharyngeal part +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| [[medial pterygoid plate]], [[pterygomandibular raphé]], [[alveolar process of maxilla|alveolar process]] +| [[pharyngeal raphe]], [[pharyngeal tubercle]] +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[Tonsillar branch of the facial artery|tonsilar branch]] of [[facial artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve|pharyngeal plexus]] +| [[swallowing]] +| +| 2 +| 4 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle|pharyngeal constrictor, superior]], mylopharyngeal part +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| [[medial pterygoid plate]], [[pterygomandibular raphé]], [[alveolar process of maxilla|alveolar process]] +| [[pharyngeal raphe]], [[pharyngeal tubercle]] +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[Tonsillar branch of the facial artery|tonsilar branch]] of [[facial artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve|pharyngeal plexus]] +| [[swallowing]] +| +| 2 +| 4 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle|pharyngeal constrictor, superior]], glossopharyngeal part +| head, pharynx (left/right) +| [[medial pterygoid plate]], [[pterygomandibular raphé]], [[alveolar process of maxilla|alveolar process]] +| [[pharyngeal raphe]], [[pharyngeal tubercle]] +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[Tonsillar branch of the facial artery|tonsilar branch]] of [[facial artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve|pharyngeal plexus]] +| [[swallowing]] +| +| 2 +| 4 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[cricothyroid muscle|cricothyroid]], straight part +| head, larynx (left/right) +| anterior and lateral [[cricoid|cricoid cartilage]] +| [[Thyroid cartilage|inferior cornu]] and lamina of [[thyroid cartilage]] +| [[cricothyroid branch]] of [[superior thyroid artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[superior laryngeal nerve]], [[external laryngeal nerve|external laryngeal]] branch +| tenses and elongates [[vocal folds]] (has minor adductory effect) +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[cricothyroid muscle|cricothyroid]], oblique part +| head, larynx (left/right) +| anterior and lateral [[cricoid|cricoid cartilage]] +| [[Thyroid cartilage|inferior cornu]] and lamina of [[thyroid cartilage]] +| [[cricothyroid branch]] of [[superior thyroid artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[superior laryngeal nerve]], [[external laryngeal nerve|external laryngeal]] branch +| tenses and elongates [[vocal folds]] (has minor adductory effect) +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Transverse arytenoid muscle|arytenoid, transverse]] +| head, larynx (left/right) +| [[arytenoid cartilage]] on one side +| [[arytenoid cartilage]] on opposite side +| [[superior laryngeal branch]] of [[superior thyroid artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]] +| approximates [[arytenoid cartilage]]s (closes [[rima glottidis]]) +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Oblique arytenoid muscle|arytenoid, oblique]] +| head, larynx (left/right) +| [[arytenoid cartilage]] on one side +| [[arytenoid cartilage]] on opposite side +| [[superior laryngeal branch]] of [[superior thyroid artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]] +| approximates [[arytenoid cartilage]]s (closes [[rima glottidis]]) +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | arytenoid, oblique, [[Aryepiglottic muscle|aryepiglottic part]] +| head, larynx (left/right) +| apex of [[arytenoid muscle|arytenoid]] +| lateral border of [[epiglottis]] +| [[superior laryngeal artery|laryngeal branch of]] [[superior thyroid artery]] +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[inferior laryngeal nerve]] +| closes the laryngeal inlet +| ? +| 2 +| 0 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[thyroarytenoid muscle|vocalis]] +| head, larynx (left/right) +| inner (anterior) surface of [[thyroid cartilage]] +| anterior surface of [[arytenoid cartilage]] +| +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]] +| thickens and decreases length of [[Vocal cords|vocal folds]], [[Adduction|adducts]] during [[Manner of articulation|speech]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | thyroarytenoid, [[Thyroepiglottic muscle|thyroepiglottic part]] +| head, larynx (left/right) +| inner (anterior) surface of [[thyroid cartilage]] +| anterior surface of [[arytenoid cartilage]] +| +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]] +| thickens and decreases length of [[Vocal cords|vocal folds]], [[Adduction|adducts]] during [[Manner of articulation|speech]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[thyroarytenoid muscle|thyroarytenoid]], external part +| head, larynx (left/right) +| inner (anterior) surface of [[thyroid cartilage]] +| anterior surface of [[arytenoid cartilage]] +| +| [[vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]] +| thickens and decreases length of [[Vocal cords|vocal folds]], [[Adduction|adducts]] during [[Manner of articulation|speech]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[posterior cricoarytenoid muscle|cricoarytenoid, posterior]] +| head, larynx (left/right) +| posterior part of [[cricoid cartilage]] +| [[Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage|muscular process]] of [[arytenoid cartilage]] +| +| [[vagus|vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]] +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] and [[laterally rotates]] cartilage, pulling [[vocal ligament]]s away from midline and forward and so opening [[rima glottidis]] +| [[lateral cricoarytenoid muscle|lateral cricoarytenoid]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[lateral cricoarytenoid muscle|cricoarytenoid, lateral]] +| head, larynx (left/right) +| lateral part of arch of [[cricoid cartilage]] +| [[Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage|muscular process]] of [[arytenoid cartilage]] +| +| [[vagus|vagus nerve]] [CNX], [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]] +| [[Adduction|adducts]] and [[medially rotate]]s cartilage, pulling [[vocal ligament]]s towards midline and backwards and so closing [[rima glottidis]] +| [[Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle|posterior cricoarytenoid]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | ceratocricoideus{{Cite journal |last1=Maranillo |first1=Eva |last2=Vázquez |first2=Teresa |last3=Mirapeix |first3=Rosa |last4=León |first4=Xavier |last5=McHanwell |first5=Stephen |last6=Quer |first6=Miquel |last7=Sañudo |first7=José Ramón |date=May 2009 |title=Ceratocricoid muscle: an embryological and anatomical study |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19306315/ |journal=Clinical Anatomy |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=463–470 |doi=10.1002/ca.20795 |issn=1098-2353 |pmid=19306315|s2cid=35995462 }}{{Cite web |title=Ceratocricoid muscle - e-Anatomy - IMAIOS |url=https://www.imaios.com/en/e-anatomy/anatomical-structure/ceratocricoid-muscle-1541081816 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=www.imaios.com |language=en}} +| head, larynx (left/right) +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Platysma muscle|platysma]] +| Neck, Clavicular, Right, left +| base of [[human mandible|mandible]] +| inferior [[clavicle]] and fascia of [[Thorax|chest]] +| branches of [[submental artery]], branches of [[suprascapular artery]] +| [[cervical branch of the facial nerve|cervical branch]] of [[facial nerve]] [CNVII] +| tenses [[Human skin|skin]] of [[neck]] +| [[Masseter muscle|masseter]], [[Temporalis muscle|temporalis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Sternocleidomastoid muscle|sternocleidomastoid]] +| Neck, Clavicular, Right, left +| [[manubrium sterni]] (sternal head), medial portion of [[clavicle]] (clavicular head) +| [[Mastoid part of the temporal bone|mastoid process]] of [[temporal bone]], [[superior nuchal line]] +| [[occipital artery]], [[superior thyroid artery]] +| '''motor''': [[accessory nerve]]
'''sensory''': [[cervical plexus]] +| tilts [[Human head|head]] to its own side, rotates head so face is turned towards opposite side, flexes [[neck]], raises [[sternum]], assists in [[Breathing|forced inspiration]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Digastric muscle|digastric]], anterior belly +| Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left +| [[Digastric fossa of Mandible|digastric fossa]] ([[human mandible|mandible]]) +| intermediate tendon ([[lesser horn]] of [[hyoid bone]]) +| submental branch of [[facial artery]] +| [[mandibular nerve]] [CNV3] via [[mylohyoid nerve]] +| opens [[jaw]] when [[masseter]] and [[temporalis]] are relaxed +| ?? +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Digastric muscle|digastric]], posterior belly +| Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left +| [[mastoid process]] of [[temporal bone]] +| intermediate tendon ([[lesser horn]] of [[hyoid bone]]) +| [[occipital artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII] +| opens [[jaw]] when [[masseter]] and [[temporalis]] are relaxed +| ?? +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Stylohyoid muscle|stylohyoid]] +| Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left +| [[Temporal styloid process|styloid process]] of [[temporal bone]] +| [[greater horn]] of [[hyoid bone]] +| [[occipital artery]] +| [[facial nerve]] [CNVII] +| elevates [[Hyoid bone|hyoid]] during [[swallowing]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Mylohyoid muscle|mylohyoid]] +| Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left +| [[mylohyoid line]] of [[human mandible|mandible]] +| [[pharyngeal raphe]] +| [[mylohyoid branch]] of [[inferior alveolar artery]] +| [[mylohyoid nerve]], from inferior alveolar branch of [[mandibular nerve]] [CNV3] +| raises [[human oral cavity|oral cavity]] floor, [[elevates]] [[hyoid]], [[Depression (kinesiology)|depresses]] [[human mandible|mandible]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Geniohyoid muscle|geniohyoid]] +| Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left +| [[mandibular symphysis]] +| anterior surface of body of [[hyoid bone]] +| +| [[cervical spinal nerve 1|C1]] via [[hypoglossal nerve]] +| elevates [[Hyoid bone|hyoid]] and tongue upward during [[swallowing]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Sternohyoid muscle|sternohyoid]] +| Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left +| [[Human sternum|sternum]], [[manubrium]] +| [[hyoid bone]] +| [[superior thyroid artery]] +| [[ansa cervicalis]] +| [[Depression (kinesiology)|depresses]] [[Hyoid bone|hyoid]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Sternothyroid muscle|sternothyroid]] +| Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left +| [[Human sternum|sternum]], [[manubrium]] +| [[thyroid cartilage]] +| [[superior thyroid artery]] +| [[ansa cervicalis]] +| depresses [[larynx]], may slightly depress [[Hyoid bone|hyoid]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Thyrohyoid muscle|thyrohyoid]] +| Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left +| [[thyroid cartilage]] +| [[hyoid bone]] +| [[superior thyroid artery]] +| [[First cervical nerve|C1]] +| [[Depression (kinesiology)|depress]] [[Hyoid bone|hyoid]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Omohyoid muscle|omohyoid]], superior belly +| Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left +| [[Upper border of the scapula|upper border]] of [[scapula]] +| [[hyoid bone]] +| [[inferior thyroid artery]] +| [[ansa cervicalis]] +| depresses [[larynx]], depresses and moves to side [[Hyoid bone|hyoid]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Omohyoid muscle|omohyoid]], inferior belly +| Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left +| [[Upper border of the scapula|upper border]] of [[scapula]] +| [[hyoid bone]] +| [[inferior thyroid artery]] +| [[ansa cervicalis]] +| depresses [[larynx]], depresses and moves to side [[Hyoid bone|hyoid]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Levator muscle of thyroid gland|levator glandulae thyroideae]] +| Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left +| [[thyrohyoid muscle]] +| [[thyroid isthmus]] +| ? +| [[ansa cervicalis]] +| ? +| ? +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Longus colli muscle|longus colli]] +| Neck, Anterior +| [[transverse processes]] of [[vertebra]]e [[Cervical vertebrae|C3]], [[Cervical vertebrae|C4]], [[Cervical vertebrae|C5]], and [[Cervical vertebrae|C6]] +| anterior arch of [[Atlas (anatomy)|atlas]] +| [[ascending pharyngeal artery]], [[vertebral artery]] +| [[cervical spinal nerve 2|C2]], [[cervical spinal nerve 3|C3]], [[cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]], [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]], [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]] +| flexes [[neck]] and [[Human head|head]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Longus capitis muscle|longus capitis]] +| Neck, Anterior +| anterior tubercles of [[transverse processes]] of [[vertebra]]e [[Cervical vertebrae|C3]], [[Cervical vertebrae|C4]], [[Cervical vertebrae|C5]], and [[Cervical vertebrae|C6]] +| [[basilar artery|basilar]] part of [[occipital bone]] +| ?? +| [[cervical spinal nerve 1|C1]], [[cervical spinal nerve 2|C2]], [[cervical spinal nerve 3|C3]]/[[cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]] +| [[flexion|flexes]] [[neck]] at [[atlanto-occipital joint]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Rectus capitis anterior muscle|rectus capitis, anterior]] +| Neck, Anterior +| [[Atlas (anatomy)|atlas]] +| [[occipital bone]] +| ?? +| [[cervical spinal nerve 1|C1]] +| [[flexion|flexes]] [[neck]] at [[atlanto-occipital joint]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Rectus capitis lateralis muscle|rectus capitis, lateralis]] +| Neck, Anterior/Lateral, Right/left +| upper surface of [[transverse process]] of [[atlas (anatomy)|atlas (C1)]] +| under surface of [[jugular process]] of [[occipital bone]] +| ?? +| [[cervical spinal nerve 1|C1]] +| laterally flexes [[neck]], stabilises sidebens at [[atlanto-occipital joint]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[scalenus anterior]] +| Neck, Lateral, Right/left +| [[cervical vertebrae]] C3-C6 +| [[first rib]] +| [[inferior thyroid artery]], [[ascending cervical artery]] +| [[ventral ramus]] of [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]], [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]] +| when neck is fixed, elevates [[first rib]] to aid in [[breathing]]; when rib is fixed, bends neck forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[scalenus medius]] +| Neck, Lateral, Right/left +| [[cervical vertebrae]] C2-C6 +| [[first rib]] +| [[inferior thyroid artery]], [[ascending cervical artery]] +| ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves +| elevates [[first rib]], rotates [[neck]] to opposite side +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[scalenus posterior]] +| Neck, Lateral, Right/left +| [[cervical vertebrae]] C4 – C6, transverse processes +| [[second rib]] +| [[ascending cervical artery]] and [[superficial cervical artery]] +| [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]], [[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]] +| elevates [[second rib]], tilts [[neck]] to same side +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[scalenus minimus]] +| Neck, Lateral, Right/left +| [[cervical vertebrae]] C7 +| [[first rib]] +| [[superficial cervical artery]] +| [[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]] +| elevates [[first rib]] +| ?? +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[levator scapulae muscle|levator scapulae]] +| Neck/Upper Limb, Verterbral Column, Lateral, Right/left +| [[posterior tubercles]] of [[transverse processes]] of [[cervical spinal nerve 1|C1]] – [[cervical vertebrae|C4]] [[vertebra]]e +| superior part of [[medial border of scapula]] +| [[dorsal scapular artery]] +| [[cervical nerves|cervical nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 3|C3]], [[cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]]) and [[dorsal scapular nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]]) +| [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevates]] [[scapula]], tilts [[glenoid cavity]] inferiorly by rotating [[scapula]] +| [[Serratus anterior muscle|serratus anterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Obliquus capitis superior muscle|obliquus capitis, superior]] +| Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left +| [[lateral mass of atlas]] +| lateral half of [[inferior nuchal line]] +| ?? +| [[suboccipital nerve]] +| flexes [[Human head|head]] to same side +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Obliquus capitis inferior muscle|obliquus capitis, inferior]] +| Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left +| [[spinous process]] of [[Axis (anatomy)|axis]] +| [[lateral mass of atlas]] +| ?? +| [[suboccipital nerve]] +| rotates [[neck]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle|rectus capitis, posterior minor]] +| Neck, Posterior +| tubercle on posterior arch of [[Atlas (anatomy)|atlas]] (C1) +| medial part of [[inferior nuchal line]] of [[occipital bone]] and surface between it and [[foramen magnum]] +| ?? +| a branch of dorsal primary division of [[suboccipital nerve]] +| sensory organ for neck position, also [[extension (kinesiology)|extends]] head at [[neck]] +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Rectus capitis posterior major muscle|rectus capitis, posterior major]] +| Neck, Posterior +| [[spinous process]] of [[Axis (anatomy)|axis]] ([[cervical vertebrae|C2]]) +| [[inferior nucheal line]] of [[occipital bone]] +| [[occipital artery]] +| [[Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve|dorsal ramus]] of [[cervical spinal nerve 1|C1]] ([[suboccipital nerve]]) +| rotates and extends [[Human head|head]] to same side +| ?? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| Torso, Abdomen, right/left +| [[pubic symphysis]], [[pubic crest]] +| [[xiphoid process]], [[costal cartilage]]s of ribs 5-7 +| [[inferior epigastric artery]], [[superior epigastric artery]]; contributions from posterior [[intercostal arteries]], [[subcostal arteries]], and deep circumflex arteries +| [[intercostal nerves]], [[subcostal nerve]] +| flexes trunk, compresses [[abdominal organs]], aids in [[Breathing|expiration]] +| [[erector spinae]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Abdominal external oblique muscle|external abdominal oblique]] +| Torso, Abdomen, right/left +| external surfaces of [[ribs]] 5-12 +| [[Linea alba (abdomen)|linea alba]], [[pubic tubercle]], anterior half of [[iliac crest]] +| lower posterior [[intercostal arteries]], [[subcostal artery]], [[deep circumflex iliac artery]] +| '''motor''': [[intercostal nerves]] (T7-T11), [[subcostal nerve]] '''sensory''': [[iliohypogastric nerve]] +| flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, [[Breathing|expiration]], compresses [[abdominal organs]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Abdominal internal oblique muscle|internal abdominal oblique]] +| Torso, Abdomen, right/left +| anterior two-thirds of [[iliac crest]], [[iliopectineal arch]], [[thoracolumbar fascia]] +| inferior borders of ribs 10–12, [[pubic crest]] +| lower posterior [[intercostal arteries]], [[subcostal artery]], [[superior epigastric artery]], [[inferior epigastric artery]], [[superficial circumflex iliac artery]], [[deep circumflex iliac artery]], posterior [[lumbar arteries]] +| [[intercostal nerves]] (T7-T11), [[subcostal nerve]], [[iliohypogastric nerve]], [[ilioinguinal nerve]] +| flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, [[Breathing|expiration]], compresses [[abdominal organs]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Cremaster muscle|cremaster]] +| Torso, Abdomen, [[inguinal canal]] and [[scrotum]] +| [[Internal oblique]] +| [[Tunica vaginalis]] +| [[Cremasteric artery]] +| [[Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve]] +| raise and lower the [[scrotum]] (involuntary) +| ? +| 0-1(M) +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Transversus abdominis muscle|transversus abdominis]] +| Torso, Abdomen, right/left +| internal surface of [[costal cartilage]] of [[ribs]] 7–12, [[thoracolumbar fascia]], anterior two-thirds of [[iliac crest]], [[iliopectineal arch]] +| [[Linea alba (abdomen)|linea alba]], aponeurosis of [[Abdominal internal oblique muscle|internal oblique muscle]], [[pubic crest]] +| lower posterior [[intercostal arteries]], [[subcostal artery]], [[superior epigastric artery]], [[inferior epigastric artery]], [[superficial circumflex iliac artery]], [[deep circumflex iliac artery]], posterior [[lumbar arteries]] +| [[intercostal nerves]] T7-T11, [[subcostal nerve]], [[iliohypogastric nerve]], [[ilioinguinal nerve]] +| rotates trunk to same side, compresses [[abdominal organs]], [[Breathing|expiration]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Pyramidalis muscle|pyramidalis]] +| Torso, Abdomen, right/left +| [[pubic symphysis]], [[pubic crest]] +| [[Linea alba (abdomen)|linea alba]] +| [[inferior epigastric artery]] +| [[subcostal nerve]] +| tenses [[Linea alba (abdomen)|linea alba]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Quadratus lumborum muscle|quadratus lumborum]] +| Torso, Abdomen, right/left +| [[iliac crest]], [[iliolumbar ligament]] +| inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of [[lumbar vertebrae|L1]]-[[lumbar vertebrae|L4]] +| [[lumbar arteries|lumbar]], [[median sacral artery|median sacral]], [[iliolumbar artery|iliolumbar]], [[subcostal artery|subcostal arteries]] +| [[subcostal nerve]], anterior rami of [[spinal nerves]] L1-L4 +| flexes trunk to same side, fixes [[Rib cage|rib 12]] during [[Breathing|inspiration]], extends trunk +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[iliocostalis]] colli +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[sacrum]], [[iliac crest]], [[thoracolumbar fascia]], [[spinous processes]] +| [[ribs]] +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]] +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[iliocostalis]] lumborum +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[sacrum]], [[iliac crest]], [[thoracolumbar fascia]], [[spinous processes]] +| The lower six or seven [[ribs]] +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]] +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[iliocostalis]] thoracis +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[sacrum]], [[iliac crest]], [[thoracolumbar fascia]], [[spinous processes]](the lower six ribs) +| upper six [[ribs]] and the transverse process of CVII +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]] +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[longissimus]] capitis +| Torso/Neck, Back, right/left +| [[articular processes]] of C4-C7; [[transverse processes]] of T1-T5 +| posterior margin of [[Mastoid part of the temporal bone|mastoid process]] +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]], flexes [[Human head|head]] and [[neck]] to same side +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[longissimus]] colli +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[transverse process]] +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]] +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[longissimus]] thoracis +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[transverse process]] +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]] +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[longissimus]] thoracis, lumbar part +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[transverse process]] +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]] +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 0 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[spinalis]] capitis +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]] +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[spinalis]] colli +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]] +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[spinalis]] thoracis +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[lateral sacral artery]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/flexes [[vertebral column]] +| [[rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Latissimus dorsi muscle|latissimus dorsi]] +| Torso/Upper Limb, Back, Vertebral column, right/left +| spinous processes of [[human thorax|thoracic]] [[thoracic vertebrae|T6]]-[[thoracic vertebrae|T12]], [[thoracolumbar fascia]], [[iliac crest]] and inferior 3 or 4 [[Rib cage|ribs]] +| floor of [[intertubercular groove]] of [[humerus]] +| [[subscapular artery]], [[dorsal scapular artery]] +| [[thoracodorsal nerve]](C6 to C8) +| pulls [[forelimb]] [[dorsum (biology)|dorsally]] and [[Anatomical terms of location|caudally]](Extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus) +| [[Deltoid muscle|deltoid]], [[Trapezius muscle|trapezius]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[semispinalis thoracis]] +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]]es of sixth to tenth [[thoracic vertebrae]] +| [[spinous process]]es of upper four [[thoracic vertebrae]] and lower two [[cervical vertebrae]] +| +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/rotates [[vertebral column]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[semispinalis cervicis|semispinalis colli]] (cervicis) +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]]es of upper five or six [[thoracic vertebrae]] +| [[spinous processes]], cervical, from axis to fifth +| +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| extends/rotates [[vertebral column]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[semispinalis capitis]] +| Torso/Neck, Back, right/left +| [[articular processes]] of C4-C6; [[transverse processes]] of C7 and T1-T7 +| [[spinous process]], [[occipital bone]], area between [[superior nuchal line]] and [[inferior nuchal line]] +| +| [[greater occipital nerve]] +| extends [[Human head|head]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[multifidus muscle|multifidus]] lumborum +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[sacrum]], [[erector spinae]] [[aponeurosis]], [[Posterior superior iliac spine|PSIS]], and [[iliac crest]] +| [[spinous process]] +| +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| stabilizes [[vertebra]]e in local movements of [[vertebral column]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[multifidus muscle|multifidus]] thoracis +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[sacrum]], [[erector spinae]] [[aponeurosis]], [[Posterior superior iliac spine|PSIS]], and [[iliac crest]] +| [[spinous process]] +| +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| stabilizes [[vertebra]]e in local movements of [[vertebral column]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[multifidus muscle|multifidus]] colli +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[sacrum]], [[erector spinae]] [[aponeurosis]], [[Posterior superior iliac spine|PSIS]], and [[iliac crest]] +| [[spinous process]] +| +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve]] +| stabilizes [[vertebra]]e in local movements of [[vertebral column]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Rotatores muscle|rotatores]], long 1-11 +| Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve|posterior branch]] +| +| +| 22 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Rotatores muscle|rotatores]], short 1-11 +| Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve|posterior branch]] +| +| +| 22 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Rotatores muscle|rotatores]] lumborum +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve|posterior branch]] +| +| +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Rotatores muscle|rotatores]] colli +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| [[posterior branch of spinal nerve|posterior branch]] +| +| +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Interspinales muscle|interspinales]] lumborum 1-4 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]], [[flexion|flexes]], and [[rotation|rotates]] vertebral column +| +| 8 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Interspinales muscle|interspinales]] thoracis 1-3 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]], [[flexion|flexes]], and [[rotation|rotates]] vertebral column +| +| 6 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Interspinales muscle|interspinales]] colli 1-6 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[spinous process]] +| [[spinous process]] +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]], [[flexion|flexes]], and [[rotation|rotates]] vertebral column +| +| 12 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[intertransversarii]], anterior colli 1-7 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[Transverse Process|transverse process]] above +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| laterally [[flexion|flexes]] [[torso|trunk]] +| +| 14 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[intertransversarii]], lateral posterior colli 1-7 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[Transverse Process|transverse process]] above +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| laterally [[flexion|flexes]] [[torso|trunk]] +| +| 14 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[intertransversarii]], medial posterior colli 1-7 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[Transverse Process|transverse process]] above +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| laterally [[flexion|flexes]] [[torso|trunk]] +| +| 14 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[intertransversarii]], lateral lumborum, dorsal parts 1-5 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[Transverse Process|transverse process]] above +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| laterally [[flexion|flexes]] [[torso|trunk]] +| +| 10 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[intertransversarii]], lateral lumborum, ventral parts 1-5 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[Transverse Process|transverse process]] above +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| laterally [[flexion|flexes]] [[torso|trunk]] +| +| 10 +| 2 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[intertransversarii]], medial lumborum 1-5 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[Transverse Process|transverse process]] above +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| laterally [[flexion|flexes]] [[torso|trunk]] +| +| 10 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[intertransversarii]], thoracis 1-9 +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[transverse process]] +| [[Transverse Process|transverse process]] above +| +| [[posterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] +| laterally [[flexion|flexes]] [[torso|trunk]] +| +| 18 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Splenius capitis muscle|splenius capitis]] +| Torso/Neck, Back, right/left +| [[nuchal ligament]], [[Vertebra|spinous process]] of [[cervical vertebrae|C7]]-[[thoracic vertebrae|T6]] +| [[Mastoid part of the temporal bone|mastoid process]] of [[temporal bone]], [[occipital bone]] +| ?? +| [[cervical spinal nerve 3|C3]], [[cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]] +| extends, rotates, and laterally flexes [[Human head|head]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Splenius cervicis muscle|splenius colli]] +| Torso, Back, right/left +| [[spinous processes]] of [[thoracic vertebrae|T3]]-[[thoracic vertebrae|T6]] +| [[transverse processes]] of [[Atlas (anatomy)|C1]], [[Axis (anatomy)|C2]], [[cervical vertebra 3|C3]] +| +| [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]], [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]] +| +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[External intercostal muscles|external intercostal]] 1-11 +| Torso, Chest (left/right) +| inferior border of [[rib]] (above) +| superior border of [[rib]] (below) +| [[intercostal arteries]] +| [[intercostal nerves]] +| [[inhalation]] +| [[Internal intercostal muscles|internal]] +| 22 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Internal intercostal muscles|internal intercostal]] 1-11 +| Torso, Chest (left/right) +| inferior border of [[rib]] (above) +| superior border of [[rib]] (below) +| [[intercostal arteries]] +| [[intercostal nerves]] +| holds [[Rib cage|ribs]] steady +| [[External intercostal muscles|external]] +| 22 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Innermost intercostal muscle|innermost intercostal]] 1-11 +| Torso, Chest +| inferior border of [[rib]] (above) +| superior border of [[rib]] (below) +| [[intercostal arteries]] +| [[intercostal nerves]] +| elevates [[Rib cage|ribs]], [[Breathing|expiration]] +| +| 22 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Subcostales muscle|subcostales]] 1-n +| Torso, Chest +| inner surface of one [[rib]] +| inner surface of second or third rib above, near its angle +| [[intercostal arteries]] +| [[intercostal nerves]] +| +| +| 11{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Jun-Ho |last2=Won |first2=Hyung-Sun |last3=Chung |first3=In-Hyuk |last4=Kim |first4=In-Beom |title=The enigmatic subcostal muscle: Anatomical study with application to spine and chest pain syndromes and avoidance of confusion on imaging: Morphology and Morphometry of the Subcostal Muscle |journal=Clinical Anatomy |date=November 2015 |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=1017–1021 |doi=10.1002/ca.22631|pmid=26384842 |s2cid=42512626 }} +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Transversus thoracis muscle|transversus thoracis]] +| Torso, Chest +| [[costal cartilages]] of last 3–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process +| [[ribs]]/[[costal cartilages]] 2–6 +| [[intercostal arteries]] +| [[intercostal nerves]] +| depresses ribs +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Levatores costarum muscle|levatores costarum]], longi 1-4 +| Torso, Chest +| [[transverse processes]] of [[cervical vertebrae|C7]] to [[thoracic vertebrae|T12]] vertebrae +| superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae +| +| [[Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve|dorsal rami]] – [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 1|T1]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 2|T2]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 3|T3]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 4|T4]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 5|T5]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 6|T6]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 7|T7]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 8|T8]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 9|T9]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 10|T10]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 11|T11]] +| assists in [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevation]] of thoracic rib cage +| +| 8 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Levatores costarum muscle|levatores costarum]], breves 1-12 +| Torso, Chest +| [[transverse processes]] of [[cervical vertebrae|C7]] to [[thoracic vertebrae|T12]] vertebrae +| superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae +| +| [[Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve|dorsal rami]] – [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 1|T1]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 2|T2]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 3|T3]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 4|T4]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 5|T5]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 6|T6]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 7|T7]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 8|T8]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 9|T9]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 10|T10]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 11|T11]] +| assists in [[Elevation (kinesiology)|elevation]] of thoracic rib cage +| +| 24 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Serratus posterior inferior muscle|serratus posterior inferior]] +| Torso, Chest +| vertebrae [[thoracic vertebrae|T11]] – [[lumbar vertebrae|L3]] +| inferior borders of 9th through 12th [[rib]]s +| [[intercostal arteries]] +| [[intercostal nerves]] +| depresses lower [[Rib cage|ribs]](IX to XII), aiding in [[exhalation|expiration]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Serratus posterior superior muscle|serratus posterior superior]] +| Torso, Chest +| [[nuchal ligament]] (or ligamentum nuchae) and [[spinous process]]es of [[vertebra]]e C7 through T3 +| upper borders of 2nd through 5th [[rib]]s +| [[intercostal arteries]] +| 2nd through 5th [[intercostal nerve]]s +| elevates [[Rib cage|ribs]](II to V), aiding in [[inhalation|inspiration]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Thoracic diaphragm|hemidiaphragm]], lumbar/costal/sternal part +| Torso, Chest, Left/right +| [[septum transversum]], [[pleuroperitoneal]] folds, inner [[abdominal wall]] +| +| [[pericardiacophrenic artery]], [[musculophrenic artery]], [[inferior phrenic arteries]] +| [[Phrenic nerve|phrenic]] and lower [[intercostal nerves]] +| [[breathing]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Coccygeus muscle|coccygeus]] +| Torso, Pelvis +| [[sacrospinous ligament]] +| [[coccyx]] +| +| [[sacral nerves]]: [[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]], [[sacral spinal nerve 5|S5]] or [[sacral spinal nerve 3|S3]]-S4 +| closes back part of [[pelvic outlet]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[iliococcygeus muscle|iliococcygeus]] +| Torso, Pelvis, [[Levator ani]] +| [[ischial spine]], posterior part of [[tendinous arch of pelvic fascia|tendinous arch]] of [[pelvic fascia]] +| [[coccyx]] and [[anococcygeal raphe]] +| [[inferior gluteal artery]] +| [[levator ani nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]]) +*[[inferior rectal nerve]] from [[pudendal nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 3|S3]], [[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]]) +*[[coccygeal plexus]] +| supports [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]] in [[pelvic cavity]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Pubococcygeus muscle|pubococcygeus]] +| Torso, Pelvis, [[Levator ani]] +| back surface of [[Pubis (bone)|pubis]], anterior part of [[obturator fascia]] +| [[coccyx]] and [[sacrum]] +| [[inferior gluteal artery]] +| [[levator ani nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]]) +*[[inferior rectal nerve]] from [[pudendal nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 3|S3]], [[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]]) +*[[coccygeal plexus]] +| controls [[urine]] flow, contracts during [[orgasm]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Puborectalis muscle|puboanalis]] (puborectalis) +| Torso, Pelvis, [[Levator ani]] +| lower part of [[pubic symphysis]] +| - +| [[inferior gluteal artery]] +| [[sacral spinal nerve 3|S3]], [[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]]. [[levator ani nerve]] +| inhibits [[defecation]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | puboperinealis +| Torso, Pelvis, [[Levator ani]] +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | puboprostaticus (males) / [[Pubovaginal muscle|pubovaginalis]] (females) +| Torso, Pelvis, [[Levator ani]] +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| 2(F)(M) +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Sphincter ani externus muscle|external anal sphincter]], subcutaneous, superficial, and deep parts +| Torso, Perineum +| - +| - +| [[inferior rectal artery]] +| [[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]] and twigs from [[inferior anal nerves]] of [[pudendal nerve]] +| keeps [[anal canal]] and [[Human anus|anus]] closed, aids in expulsion of [[Human feces|feces]] +| - +| 1 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[superficial transverse perineal muscle|superficial transverse perineal]] +| Torso, Perineum, [[Superficial perineal pouch]] +| anterior surface of [[ischial tuberosity]] +| central point of [[perineum]] +| [[perineal artery]] +| [[pudendal nerve]] +| constricts [[urethra]] (maintains [[Urinary incontinence|urinary continence]]), constricts [[vagina]] (women) +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Bulbospongiosus muscle|bulbospongiosus]] +| Torso, Perineum, [[Superficial perineal pouch]] +| [[perineal raphe]] +| - +| [[perineal artery]] +| [[pudendal nerve]] +| empties [[urethra]] (men), clenches [[vagina]] (women) +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Ischiocavernosus muscle|ischiocavernosus]] +| Torso, Perineum, [[Superficial perineal pouch]] +| [[ischial tuberosity]] +| [[crus of penis]] (men), [[crus of clitoris]] (women) +| [[perineal artery]] +| [[pudendal nerve]] +| assists [[bulbospongiosus muscle|bulbospongiosus]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Deep transverse perineal muscle|Deep transverse perineal]] +| Torso, Perineum, [[Deep perineal pouch]] +| [[Ischium|inferior ramus]] of [[ischium]] +| its fellow of opposite side +| +| [[pudendal nerve]] +| constricts [[urethra]] (maintains [[Urinary incontinence|urinary continence]]), constricts [[vagina]] (women) +| +| 0-2(M) +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[External sphincter muscle of female urethra|compressor urethrae]] +| Torso, Perineum, [[Deep perineal pouch]] +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| 0-1(F) +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[External sphincter muscle of female urethra|sphincter urethrovaginalis]] +| Torso, Perineum, [[Deep perineal pouch]] +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| 0-1(F) +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[External sphincter muscle of urethra (disambiguation)|external urethral sphincter]] +| Torso, Perineum, [[Deep perineal pouch]] +| junction of [[Inferior pubic ramus|inferior rami]] of [[pubis (bone)|pubis]] and [[ischium]] about 1.25 – 2 cm, and from neighboring fascia +| its fellow of opposite side +| +| [[Pudendal nerve|perineal branch]] of [[pudendal nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]], [[sacral spinal nerve 3|S3]], [[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]]) +| constricts [[urethra]], maintains [[Urinary incontinence|urinary continence]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Trapezius muscle|trapezius]], descending part +| Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left +| down midline, [[external occipital protuberance]], [[nuchal ligament]], ''medial'' part of [[nuchal lines|superior nuchal line]], [[spinous process]]es of [[vertebrae]] [[Cervical vertebrae|C7]]-[[Thoracic vertebrae|T12]] +| at [[shoulder]]s, ''lateral'' third of [[clavicle]], [[acromion]] of [[scapula]], [[spine of the scapula|spine of scapula]] +| [[transverse cervical artery]] +| '''motor''': [[accessory nerve]] [CNXI] +'''sensory''': [[cervical nerves]] [[cervical spinal nerve 3|C3]] and [[cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]] +| [[Retraction (kinesiology)|retracts]] and assists in rotating [[scapula]](lower fibers depress scapula, upper fibers elevate it and middle fibers adduct ) +| [[Serratus anterior muscle|serratus anterior]] +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Trapezius muscle|trapezius]], transverse part +| Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left +| down midline, [[external occipital protuberance]], [[nuchal ligament]], ''medial'' part of [[nuchal lines|superior nuchal line]], [[spinous process]]es of [[vertebrae]] [[Cervical vertebrae|C7]]-[[Thoracic vertebrae|T12]] +| at [[shoulder]]s, ''lateral'' third of [[clavicle]], [[acromion]] of [[scapula]], [[spine of the scapula|spine of scapula]] +| [[transverse cervical artery]] +| '''motor''': [[accessory nerve]] [CNXI] +'''sensory''': [[cervical nerves]] [[cervical spinal nerve 3|C3]] and [[cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]] +| [[Retraction (kinesiology)|retracts]] and elevates [[scapula]] +| [[Serratus anterior muscle|serratus anterior]] +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Trapezius muscle|trapezius]], ascending part +| Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left +| down midline, [[external occipital protuberance]], [[nuchal ligament]], ''medial'' part of [[nuchal lines|superior nuchal line]], [[spinous process]]es of [[vertebrae]] [[Cervical vertebrae|C7]]-[[Thoracic vertebrae|T12]] +| at [[shoulder]]s, ''lateral'' third of [[clavicle]], [[acromion]] of [[scapula]], [[spine of the scapula|spine of scapula]] +| [[transverse cervical artery]] +| '''motor''': [[accessory nerve]] [CNXI] +'''sensory''': [[cervical nerves]] [[cervical spinal nerve 3|C3]] and [[cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]] +| [[Retraction (kinesiology)|retracts]] and elevates [[scapula]] +| [[Serratus anterior muscle|serratus anterior]] +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | transversus nuchae +| Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| ? +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[rhomboid major muscle|rhomboid major]] +| Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? +| [[spinous processes]] of [[thoracic vertebrae|T2]] to [[thoracic vertebra 5|T5]] [[vertebra]]e +| [[medial border of the scapula|medial border of scapula]], inferior to insertion of [[rhomboid minor muscle|rhomboid minor]] +| [[dorsal scapular artery]] +| [[dorsal scapular nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]] and [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]]) +| [[Retraction (kinesiology)|retracts]] [[scapula]] and rotates it to [[Depression (kinesiology)|depress]] [[glenoid cavity]], fixes scapula to [[thoracic wall]] +| [[Serratus anterior muscle|serratus anterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[rhomboid minor muscle|rhomboid minor]] +| Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? +| [[nuchal ligaments]] and [[spinous processes]] of C7- to [[thoracic vertebrae|T1]] [[vertebrae]] +| [[medial border of the scapula|medial border of scapula]], superior to insertion of [[rhomboid major muscle|rhomboid major]] +| [[dorsal scapular artery]] +| [[dorsal scapular nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 4|C4]] and [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]]) +| [[Retraction (kinesiology)|retracts (adducts)]] [[scapula]] and rotates it to [[Depression (kinesiology)|depress]] [[glenoid cavity]], fixes scapula to [[thoracic wall]] +| [[Serratus anterior muscle|serratus anterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Sternalis muscle|sternalis]] +| Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? +| [[Sternum#Manubrium|manubrium of sternum]] or [[clavicle]] +| [[Sternum#Xiphoid process|xiphoid process]], [[pectoral fascia]], [[rib cage|lower ribs]], [[costal cartilages]] or [[rectus sheath]] +| ? +| various +| ? +| ? +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[pectoralis major muscle|pectoralis major]] +| Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? +| '''clavicular head:''' anterior surface of medial half of [[clavicle]] '''sternocostal head''': anterior surface of [[Human sternum|sternum]], superior six [[costal cartilages]] +| [[intertubercular groove]] of [[humerus]] +| [[pectoral branch]] of [[thoracoacromial artery]] +| [[lateral pectoral nerve]], [[medial pectoral nerve]] '''clavicular head''': [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]] and [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]] '''sternocostal head''': [[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]] and [[thoracic spinal nerve 1|T1]] +| [[adduction|adducts]] and [[medially rotates]] [[humerus]], draws [[scapula]] anteriorly and inferiorly '''clavicular head''': [[Flexion|flexes]] [[humerus]] '''sternocostal head''': [[extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[humerus]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[pectoralis major muscle|pectoralis major]], abdominal part +| Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? +| '''clavicular head:''' anterior surface of medial half of [[clavicle]] '''sternocostal head''': anterior surface of [[Human sternum|sternum]], superior six [[costal cartilages]] +| [[intertubercular groove]] of [[humerus]] +| [[pectoral branch]] of [[thoracoacromial artery]] +| [[lateral pectoral nerve]], [[medial pectoral nerve]] '''clavicular head''': [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]] and [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]] '''sternocostal head''': [[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]] and [[thoracic spinal nerve 1|T1]] +| [[adduction|adducts]] and [[medially rotates]] [[humerus]], draws [[scapula]] anteriorly and inferiorly '''clavicular head''': [[Flexion|flexes]] [[humerus]] '''sternocostal head''': [[extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[humerus]] +| +| 0 +| 0 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[pectoralis minor muscle|pectoralis minor]] +| Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? +| 3rd to 5th [[rib]]s, near their [[costal cartilages]] +| medial border and superior surface of [[coracoid process]] of [[scapula]] +| [[pectoral branch]] of [[thoracoacromial artery]] +| [[medial pectoral nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 1|T1]]) +| stabilizes [[scapula]] by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against [[thoracic wall]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[subclavius muscle|subclavius]] +| Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? +| [[first rib]] +| [[subclavian groove]] of [[clavicle]] +| [[thoracoacromial artery]], clavicular branch +| [[subclavian nerve]] +| [[Depression (kinesiology)|depresses]] [[clavicle]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[serratus anterior muscle|serratus anterior]] +| Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? +| fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 [[ribs]] +| [[Rib|costal]] surface of [[medial margin of the scapula|medial margin of scapula]] +| [[lateral thoracic artery]] (upper part), [[thoracodorsal artery]] (lower part) +| [[long thoracic nerve]] (from roots of [[brachial plexus]] [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]], [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]], [[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]]) +| [[protract]]s and stabilises [[scapula]], assists in upward rotation +| [[Rhomboid major muscle|rhomboid major]], [[Rhomboid minor muscle|rhomboid minor]], [[Trapezius muscle|trapezius]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[deltoid muscle|deltoid]], clavicular/acromial/scapular spinal parts +| Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left +| [[clavicle]], [[acromion]], [[spine of the scapula|spine of scapula]] +| [[deltoid tuberosity]] of [[humerus]] +| primarily [[posterior circumflex humeral artery]] +| [[axillary nerve]] +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]], [[flexion|flexes]], and [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[shoulder]] +| [[Latissimus dorsi muscle|latissimus dorsi]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[teres major muscle|teres major]] +| Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left +| posterior surface of [[Inferior angle of the scapula|inferior angle]] of [[scapula]] +| medial lip of [[intertubercular sulcus]] of [[humerus]] +| [[Subscapular Artery|subscapular artery]], [[circumflex scapular artery]] +| [[lower subscapular nerve]] (segmental levels [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]] and [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]]) +| [[internal rotation|internally rotates]] [[humerus]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[supraspinatus muscle|supraspinatus]] +| Upper limb, Shoulder, [[rotator cuff]], Right/left +| [[supraspinous fossa]] of [[scapula]] +| superior facet of [[greater tubercle]] of [[humerus]] +| [[suprascapular artery]] +| [[suprascapular nerve]] +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] and stabilises [[humerus]] +| [[infraspinatus]], [[teres minor]], [[pectoralis major]], [[latissimus dorsi]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[infraspinatus muscle|infraspinatus]] +| Upper limb, Shoulder, [[rotator cuff]], Right/left +| [[infraspinous fossa]] of [[scapula]] +| middle facet of [[greater tubercle]] of [[humerus]] +| [[suprascapular|suprascapular artery]], [[circumflex scapular artery]] +| [[suprascapular nerve]] +| [[Lateral rotation|laterally rotates]], [[Adduction|adducts]], and stabilises [[humerus]] +| [[subscapularis]], [[pectoralis major]], [[latissimus dorsi]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[teres minor muscle|teres minor]] +| Upper limb, Shoulder, [[rotator cuff]], Right/left +| [[lateral border]] of [[scapula]] +| inferior facet of [[greater tubercle]] of [[humerus]] +| [[posterior circumflex humeral artery]], [[circumflex scapular artery]] +| [[axillary nerve]] +| [[laterally rotates]] and [[adduction|adduct]]s [[humerus]] +| [[subscapularis]], [[pectoralis major]], [[latissimus dorsi]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[subscapularis muscle|subscapularis]] +| Upper limb, Shoulder, [[rotator cuff]], Right/left +| [[subscapular fossa]] of [[scapula]] +| [[lesser tubercle]] of [[humerus]] +| [[subscapular artery]] +| [[upper subscapular nerve]], [[lower subscapular nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]], [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]]) +| [[Anatomical terms of motion|medially rotates]] [[humerus]], stabilizes [[shoulder]] +| [[infraspinatus]], [[teres minor]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[coracobrachialis muscle|coracobrachialis]] +| Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left +| [[coracoid process]] of [[scapula]] +| medial surface of [[humerus]] +| [[brachial artery]] +| [[musculocutaneous nerve]] +| [[flexion|flexes]] and [[adduction|adducts]] [[shoulder]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[biceps brachii muscle|biceps brachii]] +| Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left +| '''short head:''' [[coracoid process]] of [[scapula]]
'''long head:''' [[supraglenoid tubercle]] +| [[radial tuberosity]], [[bicipital aponeurosis]] +| [[brachial artery]] +| [[musculocutaneous nerve]] ([[lateral cord]]: [[cervical spinal nerve 5|C5]], [[cervical spinal nerve 6|C6]], [[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]]) +| [[Flexion|flexes]] [[Elbow-joint|elbow]], [[supinates]] [[forearm]] +| [[Triceps brachii muscle|triceps brachii]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[brachialis muscle|brachialis]] +| Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left +| anterior surface of [[humerus]] (mainly distal half) +| [[coronoid process of the ulna|coronoid process of ulna]], [[tuberosity of the ulna|tuberosity of ulna]] +| [[radial recurrent artery]] +| [[musculocutaneous nerve]] +| [[flexion|flexes]] [[elbow]] +| [[Triceps brachii muscle|triceps brachii]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[triceps brachii muscle|triceps brachii]] +| Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left +| '''long head:''' [[infraglenoid tubercle]] of [[scapula]]
'''lateral head:''' posterior [[humerus]] (above [[radial sulcus]])
'''medial head:''' posterior [[humerus]] - (below [[radial sulcus]]) +| [[olecranon]] of [[ulna]] +| [[deep artery of arm]] +| [[radial nerve]] +| [[extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[forearm]], [[adduction|adduct]]s [[shoulder]] (long head). +medial head does not function at [[shoulder]]. +| [[biceps brachii muscle|biceps brachii]], [[Brachialis muscle|brachialis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Articularis cubiti muscle|articularis cubiti]] +| Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left +| deep distal surface of medial head of [[triceps]] +| posterior capsule of [[elbow joint]] +| [[deep artery of arm]] +| [[radial nerve]] +| lifts capsule away from joint +| ? +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[anconeus muscle|anconeus]] +| Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left +| [[Lateral epicondyle of the humerus|lateral epicondyle of humerus]] +| lateral surface of [[olecranon]], superior part of posterior [[ulna]] +| [[Profunda brachii|deep artery of arm]], [[interosseous recurrent artery]] +| [[radial nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]], and [[thoracic spinal nerve 1|T1]]) +| partly blended with [[triceps]], [[extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[forearm]], stabilises [[elbow]], [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] [[ulna]] during [[pronation]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[pronator teres muscle|pronator teres]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left +| '''humeral head''': [[medial epicondyle of humerus]] ([[common flexor tendon]])
'''ulnar head''': [[coronoid process of the ulna|coronoid process of ulna]] +| pronator tuberosity of [[radius (bone)|radius]] +| [[ulnar artery]], [[radial artery]] +| [[median nerve]] +| [[pronation|pronates]] [[forearm]], [[Flexion|flexes]] [[Elbow-joint|elbow]] +| [[Supinator muscle|supinator]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor carpi radialis muscle|flexor carpi radialis]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left +| [[medial epicondyle of humerus]] ([[common flexor tendon]]) +| bases of [[Second metacarpal bone|second metacarpal]], base of [[third metacarpal bone|third metacarpal]] +| [[radial artery]] +| [[median nerve]] +| [[flexion|flexes]] and [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] [[wrist]] +| [[Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle|extensor carpi radialis brevis]], [[Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle|extensor carpi radialis longus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[palmaris longus muscle|palmaris longus]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left +| [[medial epicondyle of humerus]] ([[common flexor tendon]]) +| [[palmar aponeurosis]] +| [[ulnar artery]] +| [[median nerve]] +| [[Flexion|flexes]] [[wrist]] +| [[Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle|extensor carpi radialis brevis]], [[Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle|extensor carpi radialis longus]], [[Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle|extensor carpi ulnaris]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor carpi ulnaris muscle|flexor carpi ulnaris]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left +| [[medial epicondyle of humerus]] ([[common flexor tendon]]) +| [[pisiform]], [[Hamate bone|hook of hamate]], base of [[Fifth metacarpal bone|fifth metacarpal]] +| [[ulnar artery]] +| [[muscular branches of ulnar nerve]] +| [[flexion|flexes]] and [[adduction|adducts]] [[wrist]] +| [[Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle|extensor carpi ulnaris]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor digitorum superficialis muscle|flexor digitorum superficialis]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left +| [[medial epicondyle of the humerus|medial epicondyle of humerus]] ([[common flexor tendon]]), parts of [[radius (bone)|radius]] and [[ulna]] +| bases of middle [[Phalanx bone|phalanges]] 2, 3, 4, and 5 +| [[ulnar artery]] +| [[median nerve]] +| [[flexor|flexes]] [[finger]]s (primarily at [[proximal interphalangeal joints]]) +| [[Extensor digitorum muscle|extensor digitorum]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[pronator quadratus]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left +| medial anterior surface of [[ulna]] +| lateral anterior surface of [[Radius (bone)|radius]] +| [[anterior interosseous artery]] +| [[anterior interosseous nerve]] ([[median nerve]]) +| weakly [[pronates]] [[forearm]] +| [[Supinator muscle|supinator]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor digitorum profundus muscle|flexor digitorum profundus]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left +| [[ulna]] +| [[distal phalanges]] +| [[anterior interosseous artery]] +| '''lateral belly''': [[anterior interosseous nerve]] ([[median nerve]]) +'''medial belly''': [[muscular branches of ulnar nerve]] +| flexes [[wrist]], flexes [[Interphalangeal articulations of hand|interphalangeal joints]] +| [[Extensor digitorum muscle|extensor digitorum]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor pollicis longus muscle|flexor pollicis longus]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left +| middle half of [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|volar]] surface of [[Radius (bone)|radius]], [[interosseus membrane]] +| base of [[distal phalanges|distal phalanx]] of [[thumb]] +| [[anterior interosseous artery]] +| [[anterior interosseous nerve]] ([[median nerve]]) ([[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]], [[thoracic spinal nerve 1|T1]]) +| [[Flexion|flexes]] [[thumb]] +| [[Extensor pollicis longus muscle|extensor pollicis longus]], [[Extensor pollicis brevis muscle|extensor pollicis brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor digitorum muscle|extensor digitorum]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left +| [[lateral epicondyle of the humerus|lateral epicondyle of humerus]] ([[common extensor tendon]]) +| 2nd–5th [[Phalanx bone|phalanges]] +| [[posterior interosseous artery]] +| [[posterior interosseous nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]]) +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[hand]], [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[finger]]s +| [[flexor digitorum superficialis muscle|flexor digitorum superficialis]], [[flexor digitorum profundus muscle|flexor digitorum profundus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor digiti minimi muscle|extensor digiti minimi]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left +| anterior surface of [[Lateral epicondyle of the humerus|lateral epicondyle]] of [[humerus]] ([[common extensor tendon]]) +| [[extensor expansion]], located at base of [[proximal phalanx]] on dorsal side +| [[posterior interosseous artery]] +| [[posterior interosseous nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]]) +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[little finger]] at all joints +| [[flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor carpi ulnaris muscle|extensor carpi ulnaris]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left +| [[lateral epicondyle of the humerus|lateral epicondyle of humerus]] ([[common extensor tendon]]), [[ulna]] +| [[Fifth metacarpal bone|5th metacarpal]] +| [[ulnar artery]] +| [[posterior interosseous nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]]) +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] and [[adduction|adduct]]s [[wrist]] +| [[flexor carpi ulnaris]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[brachioradialis]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, [[mobile wad]], Right/left +| [[lateral supracondylar ridge]] of [[humerus]] +| [[radial styloid process]] (distal [[Radius (bone)|radius]]) +| [[radial recurrent artery]] +| [[radial nerve]] +| [[Flexion|flexes]] [[forearm]], [[pronates]] [[forearm]] when [[supine]], [[supinates]] [[forearm]] when [[Pronation|prone]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor carpi radialis longus muscle|extensor carpi radialis longus]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, [[mobile wad]], Right/left +| [[lateral supracondylar ridge]] of [[humerus]] +| [[Second metacarpal bone|2nd metacarpal]] +| [[radial artery]] +| [[radial nerve]] +| [[extensor|extends]] [[wrist joint]], [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] [[hand]] at [[wrist]] +| [[flexor carpi radialis muscle|flexor carpi radialis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle|extensor carpi radialis brevis]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, [[mobile wad]], Right/left +| anterior surface of [[Lateral epicondyle of the humerus|lateral epicondyle]] of [[humerus]] ([[common extensor tendon]]) +| base of [[Third metacarpal bone|3rd metacarpal]] +| [[radial artery]] +| [[posterior interosseus nerve]] +| [[extensor|extends]] [[wrist joint]], [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] [[hand]] at [[wrist]] +| [[flexor carpi radialis muscle|flexor carpi radialis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[supinator muscle|supinator]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left +| [[lateral epicondyle of the humerus|lateral epicondyle of humerus]], [[supinator crest]] of [[ulna]], [[radial collateral ligament (elbow)|radial collateral ligament]], [[annular ligament of radius|annular ligament]] +| lateral proximal shaft of [[Radius (bone)|radius]] +| [[radial recurrent artery]] +| [[posterior interosseus nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]]) +| [[supinates]] [[forearm]] +| [[Pronator teres muscle|pronator teres]], [[pronator quadratus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor indicis proprius|extensor indicis]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left +| [[ulna]] +| [[index finger]] ([[extensor hood]]) +| +| [[posterior interosseous nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]]) +| [[extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[index finger]], [[wrist]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[abductor pollicis longus muscle|abductor pollicis longus]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, [[anatomical snuffbox]], Right/left +| [[ulna]] +| [[first metacarpal]] +| [[posterior interosseous artery]] +| [[posterior interosseous nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]]) +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] and [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[thumb]] +| [[Adductor pollicis muscle|adductor pollicis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor pollicis brevis muscle|extensor pollicis brevis]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, [[anatomical snuffbox]], Right/left +| [[Radius (bone)|radius]], [[interosseous membrane of forearm]] +| [[Proximal phalanges|proximal phalanx]] of [[thumb]] +| [[posterior interosseous artery]] +| [[posterior interosseous nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]]) +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[thumb]] at [[metacarpophalangeal joint]] +| [[Flexor pollicis longus muscle|flexor pollicis longus]], [[Flexor pollicis brevis muscle|flexor pollicis brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor pollicis longus muscle|extensor pollicis longus]] +| Upper limb, Forearm, [[anatomical snuffbox]], Right/left +| [[ulna]], [[interosseous membrane of forearm]] +| [[distal phalanges|distal phalanx]] of [[thumb]] +| [[posterior interosseous artery]] +| [[posterior interosseous nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 7|C7]], [[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]]) +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[thumb]] ([[metacarpophalangeal]] and [[interphalangeal articulations of hand|interphalangeal]]) +| [[Flexor pollicis longus muscle|flexor pollicis longus]], [[Flexor pollicis brevis muscle|flexor pollicis brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[opponens pollicis muscle|opponens pollicis]] +| Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar +| [[Trapezium (bone)|trapezium]], [[transverse carpal ligament]] +| [[metacarpal]] bone of [[thumb]] on its radial side +| [[superficial palmar arch]] +| [[median nerve]] +| [[Opposition of the thumb|opposes]] [[thumb]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor pollicis brevis muscle|flexor pollicis brevis]] +| Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar +| [[Trapezoid bone|trapezoid]], [[flexor retinaculum of the hand|flexor retinaculum]] +| [[thumb]], [[Proximal phalanges|proximal phalanx]] +| [[superficial palmar arch]] +| [[median nerve]], [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] (medial head) +| [[Flexion|flexes]] [[thumb]] +| [[Extensor pollicis longus muscle|extensor pollicis longus]], [[Extensor pollicis brevis muscle|extensor pollicis brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[abductor pollicis brevis muscle|abductor pollicis brevis]] +| Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar +| [[Flexor retinaculum of the hand|flexor retinaculum of hand]], [[scaphoid]] and [[trapezium (bone)|trapezium]] +| radial base of [[proximal phalanx]] of [[thumb]] and [[Thumb extensors (disambiguation)|thumb extensor]]s +| [[superficial palmar arch]] +| [[median nerve]] +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] [[thumb]] +| [[Adductor pollicis muscle|adductor pollicis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[adductor pollicis muscle|adductor pollicis]] +| Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar +| '''transverse head:''' anterior body of [[third metacarpal]]
'''oblique head:''' bases of [[second metacarpal|second]] and [[third metacarpal]]s and adjacent [[trapezoid]] and [[capitate bone]]s +| medial side of base of [[proximal phalanx]] of [[thumb]] and [[ulnar sesamoid]] +| [[deep palmar arch]] +| [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] ([[thoracic spinal nerve 1|T1]]) +| [[adduction|adduct]]s [[thumb]] at [[carpometacarpal joint]] +| [[Abductor pollicis longus muscle|abductor pollicis longus]], [[Abductor pollicis brevis muscle|abductor pollicis brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[palmaris brevis muscle|palmaris brevis]] +| Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar +| [[Flexor retinaculum of the hand|flexor retinaculum]] (medial), [[palmar aponeurosis]] +| [[Hand#Areas|palm]] +| [[Palmar metacarpal arteries|palmar metacarpal artery]] +| [[superficial branch of ulnar nerve]] +| wrinkle skin of [[Hand#Areas|palm]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand|abductor digiti minimi (hand)]] +| Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, [[Hypothenar eminence|hypothenar]] +| [[pisiform]] +| base of [[proximal phalanx]] of [[Little finger|5th digit]] on ulnar or medial side +| [[ulnar artery]] +| [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] +| abducts [[little finger]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)|flexor digiti minimi (hand)]] +| Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, [[Hypothenar eminence|hypothenar]] +| [[hamate bone]] +| [[little finger]] +| [[ulnar artery]] +| [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] +| [[Flexion|flexes]] [[little finger]] +| [[extensor digiti minimi muscle|extensor digiti minimi]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[opponens digiti minimi muscle|opponens digiti minimi]] (hand) +| Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, [[Hypothenar eminence|hypothenar]] +| hook of [[hamate]], [[flexor retinaculum of the hand|flexor retinaculum]] +| medial border of 5th [[metacarpal]] +| [[ulnar artery]] +| [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] ([[cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]] and [[thoracic spinal nerve 1|T1]]) +| draws [[Fifth metacarpal bone|5th metacarpal]] anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[lumbricals of the hand]] 1-4 +| Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate +| [[flexor digitorum profundus]] +| [[extensor expansion]] +| [[superficial palmar arch]], [[common palmar digital arteries]], [[deep palmar arch]], [[dorsal metacarpal arteries|dorsal digital artery]] +| [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]], [[median nerve]] +| [[Flexion|flex]] [[metacarpophalangeal joint]]s, [[Extension (kinesiology)|extend]] [[Interphalangeal articulations of hand|interphalangeal joints]] +| +| 8 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Dorsal interossei of the hand|dorsal interossei (hand)]] 1-4 +| Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate +| [[metacarpals]] +| [[proximal phalanges]] +| [[Dorsal carpal arch|dorsal metacarpal artery]], [[palmar metacarpal artery]] +| [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abduct]] [[finger]]s +| [[Palmar interossei muscles|palmar interossei]] +| 8 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[palmar interossei muscles|palmar interossei]] 1-3 +| Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate +| [[metacarpals]] +| [[proximal phalanges]] +| [[Palmar metacarpal arteries|palmar metacarpal artery]] +| [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] +| [[adduction|adduct]] [[finger]]s +| [[Dorsal interossei of the hand|dorsal interossei]] +| 6 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | pollical [[palmar interossei muscles|palmar interosseus]] +| Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate +| [[metacarpals]] +| [[proximal phalanges]] +| [[Palmar metacarpal arteries|palmar metacarpal artery]] +| [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] +| [[adduction|adduct]] [[finger]]s +| [[Dorsal interossei of the hand|dorsal interossei]] +| 1.6 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Psoas major muscle|psoas major]] +| Lower Limb, Iliac region, [[iliopsoas]] +| [[Vertebra|transverse processes]], [[Vertebral body|bodies]] and [[intervertebral disc]]s of [[Thoracic vertebrae|T12]]-[[Lumbar vertebrae|L5]] [[vertebra]]e +| [[lesser trochanter]] of [[femur]] +| [[iliolumbar artery]] +| [[lumbar plexus]] via anterior branches of [[lumbar spinal nerve 1|L1]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 2|L2]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 3|L3]]Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 193 +| [[Flexion|flexes]] and [[rotates laterally]] [[thigh]] +| [[Gluteus maximus muscle|gluteus maximus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Psoas minor muscle|psoas minor]] +| Lower Limb, Iliac region, [[iliopsoas]] +| side of [[thoracic vertebrae|T11]]+[[lumbar vertebrae|L1]] and IV [[intervertebral disc]] +| [[Pectineal line (pubis)|Pectineal line]] and [[iliopectineal eminence]] +| [[iliolumbar artery]], [[lumbar arteries]] +| [[lumbar spinal nerve 1|L1]] +| weakly flexes trunk [[flexor]] +| [[Gluteus maximus muscle|gluteus maximus]] +| 0.8 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[iliacus muscle|iliacus]] +| Lower Limb, Iliac region, [[iliopsoas]] +| [[iliac fossa]] +| [[lesser trochanter]] of [[femur]] +| [[medial femoral circumflex artery]], [[Iliolumbar artery]] +| [[femoral nerve]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 2|L2]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 3|L3]]) +| flexes [[hip]]Gosling, J. A., Harris, P. F., Humpherson, J. R., Whitmore I., & Willan P. L. T. 2008. Human Anatomy Color Atlas and Text Book. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. page 200 +| [[Gluteus maximus muscle|gluteus maximus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[tensor fasciae latae]] +| Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right +| [[iliac crest]] +| [[iliotibial tract]] +| primarily [[lateral circumflex femoral artery]], [[superior gluteal artery]] +| [[superior gluteal nerve]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 4|L4]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 5|L5]]) +| [[flexion|flexes]] [[thigh]], [[medial rotation|medially rotates]] [[thigh]], stabilises [[torso]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[gluteus maximus muscle|gluteus maximus]] +| Lower limb, [[Gluteal muscles|gluteal]], Left/right +| gluteal surface of [[ilium (bone)|ilium]], [[lumbar fascia]], [[sacrum]], [[sacrotuberous ligament]] +| [[gluteal tuberosity]] of [[femur]], [[iliotibial tract]] +| [[superior gluteal artery]], [[inferior gluteal artery]] +| [[inferior gluteal nerve]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 5|L5]], [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]], [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]] nerve roots) +| [[external rotation|externally rotates]] and [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[hip joint]], supports extended [[knee]] through [[iliotibial tract]], chief antigravity muscle in [[sitting]] +| [[Iliacus muscle|Iliacus]], [[Psoas major muscle|psoas major]], [[psoas minor]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[gluteus medius muscle|gluteus medius]] +| Lower limb, [[Gluteal muscles|gluteal]], Left/right +| gluteal surface of [[ilium (bone)|ilium]], under [[gluteus maximus]] +| [[greater trochanter]] of [[femur]] +| [[superior gluteal artery]] +| [[superior gluteal nerve]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 4|L4]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 5|L5]], [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]] nerve roots) +| [[anatomical terms of location|abduction]] of [[hip]]; preventing [[anatomical terms of location|adduction]] of hip [[Medial rotation]] of [[thigh]] +| [[lateral rotator group]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[gluteus minimus muscle|gluteus minimus]] +| Lower limb, [[Gluteal muscles|gluteal]], Left/right +| gluteal surface of [[Ilium (bone)|ilium]], under [[gluteus medius]] +| [[greater trochanter]] of [[femur]] +| [[superior gluteal artery]] +| [[superior gluteal nerve]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 4|L4]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 5|L5]], [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]] nerve roots) +| [[anatomical terms of location|abduction]] of [[hip]]; preventing [[anatomical terms of location|adduction]] of hip [[Medial rotation]] of [[thigh]] +| [[lateral rotator group]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[piriformis muscle|piriformis]] +| Lower limb, [[Gluteal muscles|gluteal]], [[lateral rotator group]], Left/right +| [[sacrum]] +| [[greater trochanter]] +| [[inferior gluteal artery]], [[lateral sacral artery]], [[superior gluteal artery]] +| [[piriformis nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]] and [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]] nerve roots)Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 217 +| [[laterally rotate]]s (outward) [[thigh]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[obturator externus muscle|obturator externus]] +| Lower limb, [[Gluteal muscles|gluteal]], [[lateral rotator group]], Left/right +| [[obturator foramen]] and [[obturatory membrane]] +| medial surface of [[greater trochanter]] of [[femur]] +| [[obturator artery]] +| [[posterior branch of obturator nerve]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 3|L3]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 4|L4]]) +| [[Adduction|adduct]] [[thigh]], [[rotate laterally]] thigh +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[superior gemellus muscle|superior gemellus]] +| Lower limb, [[Gluteal muscles|gluteal]], [[lateral rotator group]], Left/right +| [[ischial spine]] +| +| +| [[nerve to obturator internus]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 5|L5]], [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]], [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]]) +| +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[obturator internus muscle|obturator internus]] +| Lower limb, [[Gluteal muscles|gluteal]], [[lateral rotator group]], Left/right +| [[ischiopubic ramus]], [[obturator membrane]] +| medial surface of [[greater trochanter]] of [[femur]] +| +| [[nerve to obturator internus]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 5|L5]], [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]], [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]]) +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] & [[rotates laterally]] [[thigh]], stabilises [[hip]] during [[walking]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[inferior gemellus muscle|inferior gemellus]] +| Lower limb, [[Gluteal muscles|gluteal]], [[lateral rotator group]], Left/right +| [[ischial tuberosity]] +| [[obturator internus]] tendon +| +| [[Nerve to Quadratus femoris|nerve to quadratus femoris]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 4|L4]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 5|L5]], [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]]) +| [[Rotates laterally|laterally rotates]] [[thigh]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[quadratus femoris muscle|quadratus femoris]] +| Lower limb, [[Gluteal muscles|gluteal]], [[lateral rotator group]], Left/right +| [[ischial tuberosity]] +| [[intertrochanteric crest]] +| [[inferior gluteal artery]] +| [[Nerve to Quadratus femoris|nerve to quadratus femoris]] ([[lumbar spinal nerve 4|L4]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 5|L5]], [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]]) +| +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[articularis genus muscle|articularis genus]] +| Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment +| [[femur]] +| [[suprapatellar bursa]] +| [[femoral artery]] +| [[femoral nerve]] +| pulls [[Knee bursae|suprapatellar bursa]] during extension of [[knee]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[sartorius muscle|sartorius]] +| Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment +| superior to [[anterior superior iliac spine]] +| medial side of upper [[tibia]] in [[Pes anserinus (leg)|pes anserinus]] +| [[femoral artery]] +| [[femoral nerve]] +| [[flexion|flexes]], [[lateral rotation|laterally rotates]], and [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] [[thigh]], [[flexion|flexes]] and [[medial rotation|medially rotates]] [[human leg|leg]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[rectus femoris muscle|rectus femoris]] +| Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment +| [[anterior inferior iliac spine]] and exterior surface of bony ridge which forms iliac portion of [[acetabulum]] +| [[patella]] and [[tibial tuberosity]] via [[patellar tendon]] +| [[femoral artery]] +| [[femoral nerve]] +| [[knee]] [[Extension (kinesiology)|extension]]; [[hip]] [[flexion]] +| [[hamstring]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[vastus lateralis muscle|vastus lateralis]] +| Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment +| [[greater trochanter]], [[intertrochanteric line]], and [[linea aspera]] of [[femur]] +| [[patella]] and [[tibial tuberosity]] via [[patellar tendon]] +| [[femoral artery]] +| [[femoral nerve]] +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[knee]] +| [[hamstring]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[vastus intermedius muscle|vastus intermedius]] +| Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment +| anterior surface of [[femur]] +| [[patella]] and [[tibial tuberosity]] via [[patellar tendon]] +| [[femoral artery]] +| [[femoral nerve]] +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[knee]] +| [[hamstring]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[vastus medialis]] +| Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment +| anteromedial surface of [[femur]] +| [[patella]] and [[tibial tuberosity]] via [[patellar tendon]] +| [[femoral artery]] +| [[femoral nerve]] +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[knee]] +| [[hamstring]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[biceps femoris muscle|biceps femoris]] +| Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring +| [[ischial tuberosity]] (long head), [[linea aspera]] of [[femur]] (short head)[[#Gosling|Gosling 2008, p. 273]] +| [[head of the fibula|head of fibula]] articulating with back of [[lateral tibial condyle]] +| [[inferior gluteal artery]], [[perforating arteries]], [[popliteal artery]] +| medial (tibial) part of [[sciatic nerve]] (long head), lateral (common fibular) part of [[sciatic nerve]] (short head) +| [[Flexion|flexes]] [[knee joint]], [[laterally rotates]] leg at knee (when knee is flexed), [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] [[hip joint]] (long head only) +| [[Quadriceps femoris muscle|quadriceps femoris]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[semitendinosus muscle|semitendinosus]] +| Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring +| [[ischial tuberosity]] +| [[pes anserinus (leg)|pes anserinus]] +| [[inferior gluteal artery]], [[perforating arteries]] +| [[sciatic nerve]] ([[tibial nerve|tibial]], [[lumbar spinal nerve 5|L5]], [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]], [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]]) +| flexes [[knee]], extends [[hip]], [[medially rotates]] [[Human leg|leg]] at [[knee]] +| [[Quadriceps femoris muscle|quadriceps femoris]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[semimembranosus muscle|semimembranosus]] +| Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring +| [[ischial tuberosity]] +| medial surface of [[tibia]] +| [[profunda femoris]], [[Gluteal artery (disambiguation)|gluteal artery]] +| [[sciatic nerve]] +| flexes [[knee]], extends [[hip]], [[medially rotates]] [[Human leg|leg]] at [[knee]] +| [[Quadriceps femoris muscle|quadriceps femoris]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[gracilis muscle|gracilis]] +| Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) +| [[inferior pubic ramus]][[#Gosling|Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266]] +| [[tibia]] ([[pes anserinus (leg)|pes anserinus]]) +| [[obturator artery]] +| [[anterior branch of obturator nerve]] +| adducts [[hip]], [[flexion|flexes]] [[hip]], [[medial rotation|medially rotates]] [[knee]] +| [[gluteus medius]], [[gluteus minimus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[pectineus muscle|pectineus]] +| Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) +| [[superior pubic ramus]] +| [[lesser trochanter]], [[linea aspera]] +| [[obturator artery]] +| [[femoral nerve]] and [[obturator nerve]] (medial compartment) +| adducts and flexes [[hip]] +| [[gluteus medius]], [[gluteus minimus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[adductor brevis muscle|adductor brevis]] +| Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) +| anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus +| [[lesser trochanter]] and [[linea aspera]] of [[femur]] +| [[obturator artery]] +| [[anterior branch of obturator nerve]] +| adducts [[hip]] +| [[gluteus medius]], [[gluteus minimus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[adductor longus muscle|adductor longus]] +| Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) +| pubic body just below pubic crest +| middle third of [[linea aspera]] +| [[obturator artery]] +| [[anterior branch of obturator nerve]] +| adducts and medially rotates [[hip]] +| [[gluteus medius]], [[gluteus minimus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[adductor magnus muscle|adductor magnus]], adductor part +| Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) +| [[Pubis (bone)|pubis]] +| [[femur]], [[adductor tubercle of femur]] +| [[obturator artery]] +| [[posterior branch of obturator nerve]] (adductor) and tibial part of [[sciatic nerve]] (vertical head) +| adducts [[hip]] +| [[gluteus medius]], [[gluteus minimus]] +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Adductor minimus muscle|adductor minimus]] +| Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles), part of adductor magnus +| [[Inferior pubic ramus|Inferior ramus]] +| [[Linea aspera]] of the [[femur]] +| [[Obturator artery]] and the [[medial circumflex femoral artery]] of the [[femoral artery]]. +| [[Obturator nerve|Obturator]] and [[tibial nerve]]s +| [[Adduction]] and lateral rotation of [[thigh]] +| [[gluteus medius]], [[gluteus minimus]] +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[adductor magnus muscle|adductor magnus]], ischiocondylar part +| Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles) +| [[Pubis (bone)|pubis]] +| [[femur]], [[adductor tubercle of femur]] +| [[obturator artery]] +| [[posterior branch of obturator nerve]] (adductor) and tibial part of [[sciatic nerve]] (vertical head) +| adducts [[hip]] +| [[gluteus medius]], [[gluteus minimus]] +| 2 +| 3 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[tibialis anterior muscle|tibialis anterior]] +| Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment +| [[body of tibia]] +| [[medial cuneiform]] and [[first metatarsal]] bones of [[foot]] +| [[anterior tibial artery]] +| [[deep fibular nerve]] +| [[dorsiflexion|dorsiflexes]] and [[Inversion (kinesiology)|inverts]] [[foot]] +| [[fibularis longus]], [[Gastrocnemius muscle|gastrocnemius]], [[Soleus muscle|soleus]], [[Plantaris muscle|plantaris]], [[Tibialis posterior muscle|tibialis posterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor hallucis longus muscle|extensor hallucis longus]] +| Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment +| middle portion of anterior surface of [[fibula]], anterior surface of [[interosseous membrane]] +| dorsal side of base of [[distal phalanges|distal phalanx]] of [[hallux]] +| [[anterior tibial artery]] +| [[deep fibular nerve]] +| extends [[Toe#Hallux|big toe]], assists in [[dorsiflexion]] of [[foot]] at [[ankle]], weakly inverts foot +| [[Flexor hallucis longus muscle|flexor hallucis longus]], [[Flexor hallucis brevis muscle|flexor hallucis brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor digitorum longus muscle|extensor digitorum longus]] +| Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment +| [[lateral condyle of tibia]], superior ¾ of [[interosseous membrane]] +| middle and distal [[Phalanx bone|phalanges]] of lateral four digits +| [[anterior tibial artery]] +| [[deep fibular nerve]] +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extension]] of [[toes]] and [[ankle]] +| [[Flexor digitorum longus muscle|flexor digitorum longus]], [[Flexor digitorum brevis muscle|flexor digitorum brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[fibularis tertius]] +| Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment +| distal anterior surface of [[fibula]] +| dorsal surface of [[fifth metatarsal]] +| [[anterior tibial artery]] +| [[deep fibular nerve]] +| [[dorsiflexion|dorsi flexes]] and [[Eversion (kinesiology)|everts]] foot +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[gastrocnemius muscle|gastrocnemius]] +| Lower Limb, Leg, Calf +| [[medial condyle of femur|medial condyle]] and [[Lateral condyle of femur|lateral condyle]] of [[femur]] +| [[calcaneus]] +| [[sural arteries]] +| [[tibial nerve]] from [[sciatic nerve]], specifically, nerve roots [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]], [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]] +| [[plantarflexion|plantarflexes]] [[ankle]], [[flexion|flexes]] [[knee]] (minor) +| [[Tibialis anterior muscle|tibialis anterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[soleus muscle|soleus]] +| Lower Limb, Leg, Calf +| [[fibula]], medial border of [[tibia]] ([[soleal line]]) +| [[Achilles tendon|tendo calcaneus]] +| [[sural arteries]] +| [[tibial nerve]], specifically, nerve roots L5–S2 +| [[plantarflexion|plantarflexes]] [[ankle]] +| [[Tibialis anterior muscle|tibialis anterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[plantaris muscle|plantaris]] +| Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial +| [[lateral supracondylar ridge]] of [[femur]] above lateral head of [[Gastrocnemius muscle|gastrocnemius]] +| [[Achilles tendon|calcaneal tendon]] (medial side, deep to [[gastrocnemius]] tendon) +| [[sural arteries]] +| [[tibial nerve]] +| [[Plantar flexes|plantarflexes]] [[foot|ankle]], [[Flexion|flexes]] [[knee]] +| [[Tibialis anterior muscle|tibialis anterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[popliteus muscle|popliteus]] +| Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep +| middle facet of lateral surface of [[lateral femoral condyle]] +| posterior [[tibia]] under [[Tibial condyle (disambiguation)|tibial condyle]]s +| [[popliteal artery]] +| [[tibial nerve]] +| [[Medial rotation|medially rotates]] and [[flexion|flexes]] [[knee]] +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Flexor hallucis longus muscle|flexor hallucis longus]] +| Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, [[tarsal tunnel]] +| posterior surface of upper 1/3 of [[fibula]] +| base of distal [[Phalanx bones|phalanx]] of [[hallux]] +| [[fibular artery]] (peroneal branch of [[posterior tibial artery]] +| [[tibial nerve]], [[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]], [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]] nerve roots +| flexes all joints of [[Toe#Hallux|big toe]], [[plantar flexion|plantarflexes]] [[ankle]] +| [[Extensor hallucis longus muscle|extensor hallucis longus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor digitorum longus muscle|flexor digitorum longus]] +| Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, [[tarsal tunnel]] +| medial [[tibia]] +| distal [[Phalanx bone|phalanges]] of lateral four digits +| [[posterior tibial artery]] +| [[tibial nerve]] +| flexes [[toe]]s +| [[Extensor digitorum longus muscle|extensor digitorum longus]], [[Extensor digitorum brevis muscle|extensor digitorum brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[tibialis posterior muscle|tibialis posterior]] +| Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, [[tarsal tunnel]] +| [[tibia]], [[fibula]] +| [[Navicular bone|navicular]], [[Medial cuneiform bone|medial cuneiform]] +| [[posterior tibial artery]] +| [[tibial nerve]] +| [[Inversion (kinesiology)|inverts]] [[foot]], [[plantar flexion|plantarflexes]] [[foot]] at [[ankle]] +| [[Tibialis anterior muscle|tibialis anterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[fibularis longus]] +| Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment +| [[fibula]] +| [[first metatarsal]], [[medial cuneiform]] +| [[fibular artery]] +| [[superficial fibular nerve]] +| plantarflexes and everts ankle +| [[tibialis anterior muscle|tibialis anterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[fibularis brevis]] +| Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment +| [[fibula]] +| [[fifth metatarsal]] +| [[fibular artery]] +| [[superficial fibular nerve]] +| plantarflexes and everts ankle +| [[tibialis posterior muscle|tibialis posterior]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor digitorum brevis muscle|extensor digitorum brevis]] +| Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right +| [[calcaneus]] +| [[toes]] +| +| [[deep fibular nerve]] +| extends digits 2, 3, and 4 +| [[Flexor digitorum longus muscle|flexor digitorum longus]], [[Flexor digitorum brevis muscle|flexor digitorum brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[extensor hallucis brevis muscle|extensor hallucis brevis]] +| Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right +| [[calcaneus]] +| base of proximal [[phalanx bones|phalanx]] of [[Toe#Hallux|big toe]] +| +| [[deep fibular nerve]] +| extends [[Toe#Hallux|big toe]] +| [[Flexor hallucis brevis muscle|flexor hallucis brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Dorsal interossei of the foot|dorsal interossei (foot)]] 1-4 +| Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal / Fourth layer, left/right +| [[metatarsals]] +| [[proximal phalanges]] +| +| [[lateral plantar nerve]]('''fourth interosseous space''': superficial branch '''others''': deep branch), '''first and second interossei''': lateral branch of [[deep fibular nerve]] +| abducts [[toe]]s +| [[Plantar interossei muscles|plantar interossei]] +| 8 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[abductor hallucis muscle|abductor hallucis]] +| Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right +| medial process of [[calcaneus]], [[flexor retinaculum of foot|flexor retinaculum]], [[plantar aponeurosis]] +| medial side of base of proximal [[phalanx bones|phalanx]] of first digit +| +| [[medial plantar nerve]] +| abducts [[hallux]] +| [[Adductor hallucis muscle|adductor hallucis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor digitorum brevis muscle|flexor digitorum brevis]] +| Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right +| medial process of [[calcaneus]], [[plantar aponeurosis]], [[medial intermuscular septum of thigh|intermuscular septa]] +| middle [[Phalanx bone|phalanges]] of digits 2–5 +| +| [[medial plantar nerve]] +| flexes lateral four [[toe]]s +| [[Extensor digitorum longus muscle|extensor digitorum longus]], [[Extensor digitorum brevis muscle|extensor digitorum brevis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Abductor digiti minimi muscle (foot)|abductor digiti minimi (foot)]] +| Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right +| [[Plantar fascia|plantar aponeurosis]] +| phalanges of [[fifth toe]] +| [[lateral plantar artery]] +| [[lateral plantar nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]], [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]]) +| [[Flexion|flexes]] and [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] [[fifth toe]] +| [[Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)|flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Abductor digiti minimi muscle (foot)|Abductor of fifth metatarsal]] abductor ossis metatarsi quinti (foot) +| Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right +| calcaneus +| [[fifth toe]] +| [[lateral plantar artery]] +| [[lateral plantar nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]], [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]]) +| [[Abduction (kinesiology)|abducts]] [[fifth toe]] +| [[Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)|flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)]] +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[quadratus plantae muscle|quadratus plantae]] +| Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right +| [[calcaneus]] +| tendons of [[Flexor digitorum longus muscle|flexor digitorum longus]] +| +| [[Plantar nerve|lateral plantar nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 1|S1]], [[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]]) +| flexes [[distal interphalangeal joint]]s (assists [[Flexor digitorum longus muscle|flexor digitorum longus]]) +| +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Lumbrical muscle (foot)|lumbricals of the foot]] 1-4 +| Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right +| tendons of [[flexor digitorum longus]] +| medial surface of [[extensor expansion]] of proximal phalanges of lateral four [[toe]]s +| [[lateral plantar artery]], [[plantar arch]], four [[plantar metatarsal arteries]] +| [[Plantar nerve|lateral plantar nerve]] (lateral three lumbricals) and [[Plantar nerve|medial plantar nerve]] (first lumbrical) +| maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints +| +| 8 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor hallucis brevis muscle|flexor hallucis brevis]] +| Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right +| plantar surface of [[Cuneiform bones|cuneiforms]], plantar [[calcaneocuboid ligament]], [[long plantar ligament]] +| '''medial head''': medial sesamoid bone of [[metatarsophalangeal joint]], proximal phalanx of great toe +'''lateral head''': lateral sesamoid bone of [[metatarsophalangeal joint]], proximal phalanx of great toe +| +| [[medial plantar nerve]] +| flexes [[Toe#Hallux|big toe]] +| [[Extensor hallucis longus muscle|extensor hallucis longus]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[adductor hallucis muscle|adductor hallucis]] +| Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right +| '''oblique head''': proximal ends of middle 3 [[Metatarsal bones|metatarsals]] +'''transverse head''': [[metatarsophalangeal joints]], ligaments of lateral 3 toes +| lateral side of base of proximal [[phalanx]] of [[Toe#Hallux|big toe]], [[Sesamoid bone|sesamoid]] +| +| [[Plantar nerve|lateral plantar nerve]] +| adducts [[Toe#Hallux|big toe]] +| [[Abductor hallucis muscle|abductor hallucis]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (foot)|flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)]] +| Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right +| [[fifth metatarsal bone]] +| [[Phalanx bones|phalanx]] of [[fifth toe]] +| +| |[[lateral plantar nerve]] (superficial branch) +| [[Extension (kinesiology)|extends]] and [[Adduction|adducts]] [[fifth toe]] +| [[Abductor digiti minimi muscle (foot)|abductor digiti minimi]] +| 2 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of foot|opponens digiti minimi muscle of foot]] (opponens digiti quinti) +| Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right +| ? +| middle [[Phalanx bone|phalanges]] of digit 5 +| +| ? +| ? +| ? +| 0 +| 1 +|- style="vertical-align: top;" +! scope="row" | [[plantar interossei muscles|plantar interossei]] 1-3 +| Lower limb, plantar, Fourth layer, left/right +| tendons of [[Plantar interossei muscles|plantar Interossei]] +| proximal phalanges III-V - muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes +| [[plantar arch]], [[Dorsal metatarsal arteries|dorsal metatarsal artery]] +| [[Plantar nerve|lateral plantar nerve]] +| adducts [[toe]]s 3 - 5, strengthens [[Arches of the foot|transverse arch]] +| [[Dorsal interossei of the foot|dorsal interossei]] +| 6 +| 1 +|} diff --git a/data/muscle-data.json b/data/muscle-data.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68a5f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/muscle-data.json @@ -0,0 +1,3458 @@ +[ + { + "muscle": "occipitalis", + "location": "head, occipitofrontalis, back of skull (left/right)", + "origin": "mastoid part of temporal bone", + "insertion": "epicranial aponeurosis", + "artery": "occipital artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], posterior auricular nerve", + "action": "retracts scalp", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "frontalis", + "location": "head, occipitofrontalis, forehead (left/right)", + "origin": "skin of eyebrow and glabella", + "insertion": "epicranial aponeurosis", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "temporal branch", + "action": "wrinkles eyebrow", + "antagonist": "procerus, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "orbicularis oculi, orbital part", + "location": "head, forehead/eyelid (left/right)", + "origin": "frontal bone", + "insertion": "lateral palpebral raphe", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch", + "action": "closes eyelids (voluntary, winking/squeezing)", + "antagonist": "levator palpebrae superioris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 3 + }, + { + "muscle": "orbicularis oculi, palpebral part", + "location": "head, forehead/eyelid (left/right)", + "origin": "medial palpebral ligament", + "insertion": "lateral palpebral raphe", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch", + "action": "closes eyelids (involuntary, blinking/sleeping)", + "antagonist": "levator palpebrae superioris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 3 + }, + { + "muscle": "orbicularis oculi, deep palpebral (lacrimal) part", + "location": "head, forehead/eyelid (left/right)", + "origin": "posterior crest of lacrimal bone", + "insertion": "Edges of eyelids", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch", + "action": "facilitates tear ducts", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 3 + }, + { + "muscle": "corrugator supercilii", + "location": "head, eye (left/right)", + "origin": "nasal part of frontal bone", + "insertion": "intermediate third of skin of eyebrow", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch", + "action": "moves skin of nose)", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "depressor supercilii", + "location": "head, eye (left/right)", + "origin": "nasal part of frontal bone, medial rim of orbit", + "insertion": "medial third of skin of eyebrow", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch", + "action": "moves skin of eyebrows inferiorly", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "levator palpebrae superioris", + "location": "head, extraocular (left/right)", + "origin": "sphenoid bone", + "insertion": "tarsal plate, upper eyelid", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "oculomotor nerve [CNIII]", + "action": "elevates eyelid", + "antagonist": "orbicularis oculi", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "superior tarsal", + "location": "head, extraocular (left/right)", + "origin": "underside of levator palpebrae superioris", + "insertion": "superior tarsal plate of eyelid", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "sympathetic nervous system", + "action": "raises upper eyelid", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus, superior", + "location": "head, eye, orbit (left/right)", + "origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex", + "insertion": "7.5 mm superior to corneal limbus", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "superior branch", + "action": "adducts, medially rotates eye", + "antagonist": "Oblique Superior and inferior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus, inferior", + "location": "head, eye, orbit (left/right)", + "origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex", + "insertion": "6.5 mm inferior to corneal limbus", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "inferior branch", + "action": "adducts and depresses eye", + "antagonist": "Oblique Superior and inferior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus, medial", + "location": "head, eye, orbit (left/right)", + "origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex", + "insertion": "5.5 mm medial to corneal limbus", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "inferior branch", + "action": "adducts eye", + "antagonist": "Oblique Superior and inferior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus, lateral", + "location": "head, eye, orbit (left/right)", + "origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex", + "insertion": "7 mm temporal to corneal limbus", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "abducens nerve [CNVI]", + "action": "abducts eye", + "antagonist": "Oblique Superior and inferior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "oblique, superior", + "location": "head, extraocular (left/right)", + "origin": "annulus of Zinn at orbital apex, medial to optic canal", + "insertion": "outer posterior quadrant of eyeball", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery, lateral muscular branch", + "nerve": "trochlear nerve [CNIV]", + "action": "abducts, intorts, and depress eye", + "antagonist": "right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists)", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "oblique, inferior", + "location": "head, extraocular (left/right)", + "origin": "orbital surface of maxilla, lateral to lacrimal groove", + "insertion": "laterally onto eyeball, deep to lateral rectus, by a short flat tendon", + "artery": "ophthalmic artery", + "nerve": "oculomotor nerve [CNIII]", + "action": "abducts, extorts, and elevates eye", + "antagonist": "right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists)", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "temporoparietalis", + "location": "head, ear, outer ear (left/right)", + "origin": "auriculares muscles", + "insertion": "epicranial aponeurosis", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]", + "action": "fixes galeal aponeurosis", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "auricularis anterior", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "temporal fascia", + "insertion": "front of helix of ear", + "artery": "posterior auricular artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]", + "action": "pulls auricle forwards", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "auricularis superior", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "epicranial aponeurosis", + "insertion": "dorsocranial surface of auricle", + "artery": "posterior auricular artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]", + "action": "pulls auricle upwards", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "auricularis posterior", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, extrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "mastoid process of sternocleidomastoid", + "insertion": "dorsal part of auricle", + "artery": "posterior auricular artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]", + "action": "pulls auricle backwards", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "helicis major", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "Spina helicis", + "insertion": "Anterior border of the helix", + "artery": "Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries", + "nerve": "Facial nerve", + "action": "depresses the anterior margin of the ear cartilage", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "helicis minor", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "Base of the helical crus", + "insertion": "Anterior aspect of the helical crus", + "artery": "Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries", + "nerve": "Facial nerve, Posterior auricular nerve branch", + "action": "Adjusts the shape of the anterior margin of the ear cartilage", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "tragicus", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "Base of the tragus", + "insertion": "Apex of the tragus", + "artery": "Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries", + "nerve": "Facial nerve", + "action": "Increase the opening of the external acoustic meatus", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "antitragicus", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "Outer part of the antitragus", + "insertion": "Cauda helicis and antihelix", + "artery": "Auricular branch of superficial temporal and auricular branches of posterior auricular artery", + "nerve": "Facial nerve", + "action": "Modifies the auricular shape", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "auricle, transverse", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "Cranial surface of the eminentia conchae", + "insertion": "Cranial surface of the eminentia scaphae", + "artery": "Auricular branches of posterior auricular and auricular branch of occipital arteries", + "nerve": "Facial nerve", + "action": "Flattens the cranial profile outer ear", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "auricle, oblique", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "?", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "Facial nerve, posterior auricular nerve", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "Muscle of terminal notch", + "location": "head, ear, auricular, intrinsic (left/right)", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "?", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "?", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "stapedius", + "location": "head, ear, inner ear (left/right)", + "origin": "tip of pyramid of middle ear", + "insertion": "neck of stapes", + "artery": "stapedial branch of posterior auricular artery", + "nerve": "nerve to the stapedius from facial nerve [CNVII]", + "action": "reduces movement of sound waves to inner ear", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "tensor tympani", + "location": "head, ear, inner ear (left/right)", + "origin": "Eustachian tube", + "insertion": "handle of malleus", + "artery": "superior tympanic artery", + "nerve": "medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]", + "action": "tenses sound waves to inner ear", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "procerus", + "location": "head, nose (left/right)", + "origin": "fascia over lower part of nasal bone", + "insertion": "skin of lower part of forehead between eyebrows", + "artery": "facial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "draws down medial angle of eyebrow (giving expressions of frowning)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "depressor septi nasi", + "location": "head, nose (left/right)", + "origin": "incisive fossa of maxilla", + "insertion": "nasalis", + "artery": "superior labial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "depresses nasal septum", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "levator nasolabialis (levator labii superioris alaeque nasi)", + "location": "head, nose (left/right)", + "origin": "frontal process of maxilla", + "insertion": "nostril and upper lip", + "artery": "superior labial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "dilates elevates elevates wing of nose", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "nasalis, transverse part", + "location": "head, nose, nasalis, transverse part (left/right)", + "origin": "alveolar yoke of canine tooth", + "insertion": "lateral nasal cartilage", + "artery": "superior labial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "compresses nostrils", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "nasalis, alar part", + "location": "head, nose, nasalis, alar part (left/right)", + "origin": "alveolar yoke of lateral incisor tooth, greater and lesser alar cartilages", + "insertion": "skin near margin of nostril", + "artery": "superior labial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "dilates nostrils", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "levator anguli oris", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "maxilla", + "insertion": "modiolus of mouth", + "artery": "facial artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]", + "action": "elevates angle of mouth (smile)", + "antagonist": "depressor anguli oris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "depressor anguli oris", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "tubercle of mandible", + "insertion": "modiolus of mouth", + "artery": "facial artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], mandibular branch", + "action": "depresses angle of mouth (frown)", + "antagonist": "levator anguli oris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "transversus menti", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "continuation of depressor anguli oris muscles", + "insertion": "other side of depressor anguli oris muscles", + "artery": "facial artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII], mandibular branch or buccal branch", + "action": "depresses angle of mouth (frown)", + "antagonist": "levator anguli oris", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "levator labii superioris", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "medial part of infra-orbital margin of maxilla", + "insertion": "skin and muscle of upper lip (labii superioris)", + "artery": "superior labial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "elevates upper lip", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "depressor labii inferioris", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "oblique line of mandible, between symphysis and mental foramen", + "insertion": "integument of orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of opposite side", + "artery": "inferior labial artery", + "nerve": "marginal mandibular branch", + "action": "depresses lower lip", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "mentalis", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "alveolar yoke of lower, lateral incisor tooth, found on anterior mandible", + "insertion": "skin of chin", + "artery": "inferior labial artery", + "nerve": "marginal mandibular branch", + "action": "elevates and wrinkles skin of lower lip", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "bucinator (buccinator)", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe", + "insertion": "fibres of orbicularis oris", + "artery": "buccal artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "compress cheeks against teeth (blowing), mastication", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "orbicularis oris, marginal part", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "mandible", + "insertion": "skin around lips", + "artery": "superior labial artery, inferior labial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "puckers lips", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "orbicularis oris, labial part", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "mandible", + "insertion": "skin around lips", + "artery": "superior labial artery, inferior labial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "puckers lips", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "risorius", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "parotid fascia", + "insertion": "modiolus of mouth", + "artery": "facial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "draw back angle of mouth", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "zygomaticus major", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture", + "insertion": "modiolus of mouth", + "artery": "facial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "draws angle of mouth upward and laterally", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "zygomaticus minor", + "location": "head, mouth (left/right)", + "origin": "zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture", + "insertion": "skin of upper lip", + "artery": "facial artery", + "nerve": "buccal branch", + "action": "elevates upper lip", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "masseter, superficial part", + "location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)", + "origin": "anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla", + "insertion": "angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible", + "artery": "masseteric artery", + "nerve": "masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]", + "action": "elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth)", + "antagonist": "platysma", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "masseter, deep part", + "location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)", + "origin": "anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla", + "insertion": "angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible", + "artery": "masseteric artery", + "nerve": "masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]", + "action": "elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth)", + "antagonist": "platysma", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "temporalis", + "location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)", + "origin": "temporal lines on parietal bone of skull", + "insertion": "coronoid process of mandible", + "artery": "deep temporal arteries", + "nerve": "deep temporal nerves from mandibular nerve [CNV3]", + "action": "elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth)", + "antagonist": "platysma", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pterygoid, lateral", + "location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)", + "origin": "greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid process", + "insertion": "condyloid process of mandible", + "artery": "pterygoid branches", + "nerve": "external pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3]", + "action": "depresses mandible (opens mouth)", + "antagonist": "masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pterygoideus proprius", + "location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "?", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "?", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pterygoid, medial", + "location": "head, coronal plane (left/right)", + "origin": "medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth (deep head); pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity (superficial head)", + "insertion": "medial angle of mandible", + "artery": "pterygoid branches", + "nerve": "mandibular nerve [CNV3], medial pterygoid nerve", + "action": "elevates mandible, closes lateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "genioglossus, inferior fibers", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)", + "insertion": "dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid", + "artery": "lingual artery", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "protrudes tongue", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 3 + }, + { + "muscle": "genioglossus, middle fibers", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)", + "insertion": "dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid", + "artery": "lingual artery", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "depresses tongue", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 3 + }, + { + "muscle": "genioglossus, superior fibers", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)", + "insertion": "dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid", + "artery": "lingual artery", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "draws tip of tongue back and down", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 3 + }, + { + "muscle": "hyoglossus (ceratoglossus)", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "hyoid", + "insertion": "side of tongue", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "depresses tongue", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "chondroglossus", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "lesser cornu and body of hyoid bone", + "insertion": "intrinsic muscular fibers of tongue", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "styloglossus", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "styloid process of temporal bone", + "insertion": "tongue", + "artery": "lingual artery, sublingual branch", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "elevates and retracts tongue", + "antagonist": "inferior and middle fibers of genioglossus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "palatoglossus", + "location": "head, tongue and soft palate (left/right)", + "origin": "palatine aponeurosis", + "insertion": "tongue", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "pharyngeal plexus and accessory nerve [CNXI]", + "action": "raises back part of tongue, aiding in breathing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "superior longitudinal lingual", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "close to epiglottis, from median fibrous septum", + "insertion": "edges of tongue", + "artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "shortens tongue, turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "transversus linguae", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "median fibrous septum", + "insertion": "sides of tongue", + "artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "narrows tongue with no elongation", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "inferior longitudinal lingual", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "root of tongue", + "insertion": "apex of tongue", + "artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "shortens tongue, retracts, pulls tip downward", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "verticalis linguae", + "location": "head, tongue (left/right)", + "origin": "dorsum of tongue", + "insertion": "inferior surface borders of tongue", + "artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery", + "nerve": "hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]", + "action": "", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "tensor veli palatini", + "location": "head, soft palate (left/right)", + "origin": "medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone", + "insertion": "palatine aponeurosis", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "mandibular nerve [CNV3], medial pterygoid nerve", + "action": "tenses soft palate, aids in swallowing", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "levator veli palatini", + "location": "head, soft palate (left/right)", + "origin": "temporal bone, Eustachian tube", + "insertion": "palatine aponeurosis", + "artery": "facial artery", + "nerve": "pharyngeal plexus", + "action": "elevates soft palate", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "palatopharyngeus", + "location": "head, soft palate (left/right)", + "origin": "palatine aponeurosis and hard palate", + "insertion": "upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers)", + "artery": "facial artery", + "nerve": "pharyngeal branch", + "action": "aids in pharynx and larynx", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "uvulae", + "location": "head, soft palate (left/right)", + "origin": "hard palate", + "insertion": "soft tissue of uvula", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "pharyngeal branch", + "action": "moves and changes shape of uvula", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "stylopharyngeus", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "styloid process of temporal bone", + "insertion": "pharynx)", + "artery": "pharyngeal branches", + "nerve": "glossopharyngeal nerve [CNIX]", + "action": "elevates pharynx, swallowing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "salpingopharyngeus", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "cartilage of Eustachian tube", + "insertion": "posterior fasciculus of pharyngopalatinus", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], accessory nerve [CNXI]", + "action": "raises nasopharynx", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, thyropharyngeal part", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage", + "insertion": "pharyngeal raphe", + "artery": "pharyngeal branches", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve", + "action": "swallowing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, inferior, cricopharyngeal part", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage", + "insertion": "pharyngeal raphe", + "artery": "pharyngeal branches", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve", + "action": "swallowing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, middle, chondropharyngeal part", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "hyoid bone", + "insertion": "pharyngeal raphe", + "artery": "pharyngeal branches", + "nerve": "pharyngeal plexus", + "action": "swallowing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, middle, ceratopharyngeal part", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "hyoid bone", + "insertion": "pharyngeal raphe", + "artery": "pharyngeal branches", + "nerve": "pharyngeal plexus", + "action": "swallowing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, superior, pterygopharyngeal part", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "alveolar process", + "insertion": "pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle", + "artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery", + "nerve": "pharyngeal plexus", + "action": "swallowing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 4 + }, + { + "muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, superior, buccopharyngeal part", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "alveolar process", + "insertion": "pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle", + "artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery", + "nerve": "pharyngeal plexus", + "action": "swallowing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 4 + }, + { + "muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, superior, mylopharyngeal part", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "alveolar process", + "insertion": "pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle", + "artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery", + "nerve": "pharyngeal plexus", + "action": "swallowing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 4 + }, + { + "muscle": "pharyngeal constrictor, superior, glossopharyngeal part", + "location": "head, pharynx (left/right)", + "origin": "alveolar process", + "insertion": "pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle", + "artery": "tonsilar branch of facial artery", + "nerve": "pharyngeal plexus", + "action": "swallowing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 4 + }, + { + "muscle": "cricothyroid, straight part", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage", + "insertion": "inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage", + "artery": "cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "external laryngeal branch", + "action": "tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "cricothyroid, oblique part", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage", + "insertion": "inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage", + "artery": "cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "external laryngeal branch", + "action": "tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "arytenoid, transverse", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "arytenoid cartilage on one side", + "insertion": "arytenoid cartilage on opposite side", + "artery": "superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve", + "action": "approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "arytenoid, oblique", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "arytenoid cartilage on one side", + "insertion": "arytenoid cartilage on opposite side", + "artery": "superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve", + "action": "approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "arytenoid, oblique, aryepiglottic part", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "apex of arytenoid", + "insertion": "lateral border of epiglottis", + "artery": "laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], inferior laryngeal nerve", + "action": "closes the laryngeal inlet", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 0 + }, + { + "muscle": "vocalis", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage", + "insertion": "anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve", + "action": "thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "thyroarytenoid, thyroepiglottic part", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage", + "insertion": "anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve", + "action": "thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "thyroarytenoid, external part", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage", + "insertion": "anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve", + "action": "thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "cricoarytenoid, posterior", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "posterior part of cricoid cartilage", + "insertion": "muscular process of arytenoid cartilage", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve", + "action": "abducts and laterally rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments away from midline and forward and so opening rima glottidis", + "antagonist": "lateral cricoarytenoid", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "cricoarytenoid, lateral", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "lateral part of arch of cricoid cartilage", + "insertion": "muscular process of arytenoid cartilage", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve", + "action": "adducts and medially rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments towards midline and backwards and so closing rima glottidis", + "antagonist": "posterior cricoarytenoid", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "ceratocricoideus", + "location": "head, larynx (left/right)", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "?", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "?", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "platysma", + "location": "Neck, Clavicular, Right, left", + "origin": "base of mandible", + "insertion": "inferior chest", + "artery": "branches of submental artery, branches of suprascapular artery", + "nerve": "cervical branch of facial nerve [CNVII]", + "action": "tenses skin of neck", + "antagonist": "masseter, temporalis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "sternocleidomastoid", + "location": "Neck, Clavicular, Right, left", + "origin": "manubrium sterni (sternal head), medial portion of clavicle (clavicular head)", + "insertion": "mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line", + "artery": "occipital artery, superior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "'''motor''': accessory nerve
'''sensory''': cervical plexus", + "action": "tilts head to its own side, rotates head so face is turned towards opposite side, flexes forced inspiration", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "digastric, anterior belly", + "location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "digastric fossa (mandible)", + "insertion": "intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone)", + "artery": "submental branch of facial artery", + "nerve": "mandibular nerve [CNV3] via mylohyoid nerve", + "action": "opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "digastric, posterior belly", + "location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "mastoid process of temporal bone", + "insertion": "intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone)", + "artery": "occipital artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]", + "action": "opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "stylohyoid", + "location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "styloid process of temporal bone", + "insertion": "greater horn of hyoid bone", + "artery": "occipital artery", + "nerve": "facial nerve [CNVII]", + "action": "elevates hyoid during swallowing", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "mylohyoid", + "location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "mandible", + "insertion": "pharyngeal raphe", + "artery": "mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery", + "nerve": "mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [CNV3]", + "action": "raises oral cavity floor, depresses mandible", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "geniohyoid", + "location": "Neck, Suprahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "mandibular symphysis", + "insertion": "anterior surface of body of hyoid bone", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "C1 via hypoglossal nerve", + "action": "elevates hyoid and tongue upward during swallowing", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "sternohyoid", + "location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "sternum, manubrium", + "insertion": "hyoid bone", + "artery": "superior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "ansa cervicalis", + "action": "depresses hyoid", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "sternothyroid", + "location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "sternum, manubrium", + "insertion": "thyroid cartilage", + "artery": "superior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "ansa cervicalis", + "action": "depresses hyoid", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "thyrohyoid", + "location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "thyroid cartilage", + "insertion": "hyoid bone", + "artery": "superior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "C1", + "action": "depress hyoid", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "omohyoid, superior belly", + "location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "upper border of scapula", + "insertion": "hyoid bone", + "artery": "inferior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "ansa cervicalis", + "action": "depresses hyoid", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "omohyoid, inferior belly", + "location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "upper border of scapula", + "insertion": "hyoid bone", + "artery": "inferior thyroid artery", + "nerve": "ansa cervicalis", + "action": "depresses hyoid", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "levator glandulae thyroideae", + "location": "Neck, Infrahyoid, Right/left", + "origin": "thyrohyoid muscle", + "insertion": "thyroid isthmus", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "ansa cervicalis", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "longus colli", + "location": "Neck, Anterior", + "origin": "C3, C4, C5, and C6", + "insertion": "anterior arch of atlas", + "artery": "ascending pharyngeal artery, vertebral artery", + "nerve": "C2, C3, C4, C5, C6", + "action": "flexes head", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "longus capitis", + "location": "Neck, Anterior", + "origin": "anterior tubercles of C3, C4, C5, and C6", + "insertion": "basilar part of occipital bone", + "artery": "??", + "nerve": "C1, C2, C3/C4", + "action": "flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus capitis, anterior", + "location": "Neck, Anterior", + "origin": "atlas", + "insertion": "occipital bone", + "artery": "??", + "nerve": "C1", + "action": "flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus capitis, lateralis", + "location": "Neck, Anterior/Lateral, Right/left", + "origin": "upper surface of atlas (C1)", + "insertion": "under surface of jugular process of occipital bone", + "artery": "??", + "nerve": "C1", + "action": "laterally flexes neck, stabilises sidebens at atlanto-occipital joint", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "scalenus anterior", + "location": "Neck, Lateral, Right/left", + "origin": "cervical vertebrae C3-C6", + "insertion": "first rib", + "artery": "inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery", + "nerve": "C5, C6", + "action": "when neck is fixed, elevates first rib to aid in breathing; when rib is fixed, bends neck forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "scalenus medius", + "location": "Neck, Lateral, Right/left", + "origin": "cervical vertebrae C2-C6", + "insertion": "first rib", + "artery": "inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery", + "nerve": "ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves", + "action": "elevates first rib, rotates neck to opposite side", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "scalenus posterior", + "location": "Neck, Lateral, Right/left", + "origin": "cervical vertebrae C4 – C6, transverse processes", + "insertion": "second rib", + "artery": "ascending cervical artery and superficial cervical artery", + "nerve": "C6, C7, C8", + "action": "elevates second rib, tilts neck to same side", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "scalenus minimus", + "location": "Neck, Lateral, Right/left", + "origin": "cervical vertebrae C7", + "insertion": "first rib", + "artery": "superficial cervical artery", + "nerve": "C7, C8", + "action": "elevates first rib", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "levator scapulae", + "location": "Neck/Upper Limb, Verterbral Column, Lateral, Right/left", + "origin": "C1 – C4 vertebrae", + "insertion": "superior part of medial border of scapula", + "artery": "dorsal scapular artery", + "nerve": "cervical nerve (C3, C4) and C5)", + "action": "elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula", + "antagonist": "serratus anterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "obliquus capitis, superior", + "location": "Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left", + "origin": "lateral mass of atlas", + "insertion": "lateral half of inferior nuchal line", + "artery": "??", + "nerve": "suboccipital nerve", + "action": "flexes head to same side", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "obliquus capitis, inferior", + "location": "Neck, Posterior/Lateral, Right/left", + "origin": "axis", + "insertion": "lateral mass of atlas", + "artery": "??", + "nerve": "suboccipital nerve", + "action": "rotates neck", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus capitis, posterior minor", + "location": "Neck, Posterior", + "origin": "tubercle on posterior arch of atlas (C1)", + "insertion": "medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone and surface between it and foramen magnum", + "artery": "??", + "nerve": "a branch of dorsal primary division of suboccipital nerve", + "action": "sensory organ for neck position, also extends head at neck", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus capitis, posterior major", + "location": "Neck, Posterior", + "origin": "axis (C2)", + "insertion": "inferior nucheal line of occipital bone", + "artery": "occipital artery", + "nerve": "dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)", + "action": "rotates and extends head to same side", + "antagonist": "??", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus abdominis", + "location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left", + "origin": "pubic symphysis, pubic crest", + "insertion": "xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7", + "artery": "inferior epigastric artery, superior epigastric artery; contributions from posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, and deep circumflex arteries", + "nerve": "intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve", + "action": "flexes trunk, compresses expiration", + "antagonist": "erector spinae", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "external abdominal oblique", + "location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left", + "origin": "external surfaces of ribs 5-12", + "insertion": "linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest", + "artery": "lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, deep circumflex iliac artery", + "nerve": "'''motor''': intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve '''sensory''': iliohypogastric nerve", + "action": "flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, expiration, compresses abdominal organs", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "internal abdominal oblique", + "location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left", + "origin": "anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch, thoracolumbar fascia", + "insertion": "inferior borders of ribs 10–12, pubic crest", + "artery": "lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries", + "nerve": "intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve", + "action": "flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side, expiration, compresses abdominal organs", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "cremaster", + "location": "Torso, Abdomen, inguinal canal and scrotum", + "origin": "Internal oblique", + "insertion": "Tunica vaginalis", + "artery": "Cremasteric artery", + "nerve": "Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve", + "action": "raise and lower the scrotum (involuntary)", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "transversus abdominis", + "location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left", + "origin": "internal surface of costal cartilage of ribs 7–12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch", + "insertion": "linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle, pubic crest", + "artery": "lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries", + "nerve": "intercostal nerves T7-T11, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve", + "action": "rotates trunk to same side, compresses expiration", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pyramidalis", + "location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left", + "origin": "pubic symphysis, pubic crest", + "insertion": "linea alba", + "artery": "inferior epigastric artery", + "nerve": "subcostal nerve", + "action": "tenses linea alba", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "quadratus lumborum", + "location": "Torso, Abdomen, right/left", + "origin": "iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament", + "insertion": "inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of L1-L4", + "artery": "lumbar, median sacral, iliolumbar, subcostal arteries", + "nerve": "subcostal nerve, anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4", + "action": "flexes trunk to same side, fixes rib 12 during inspiration, extends trunk", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "iliocostalis colli", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes", + "insertion": "ribs", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes vertebral column", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "iliocostalis lumborum", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes", + "insertion": "The lower six or seven ribs", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes vertebral column", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "iliocostalis thoracis", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes(the lower six ribs)", + "insertion": "upper six ribs and the transverse process of CVII", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes vertebral column", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "longissimus capitis", + "location": "Torso/Neck, Back, right/left", + "origin": "articular processes of C4-C7; transverse processes of T1-T5", + "insertion": "posterior margin of mastoid process", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes head and neck to same side", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "longissimus colli", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes vertebral column", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "longissimus thoracis", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes vertebral column", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "longissimus thoracis, lumbar part", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes vertebral column", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 0 + }, + { + "muscle": "spinalis capitis", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "spinous process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes vertebral column", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "spinalis colli", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "spinous process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes vertebral column", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "spinalis thoracis", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "spinous process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "lateral sacral artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/flexes vertebral column", + "antagonist": "rectus abdominis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "latissimus dorsi", + "location": "Torso/Upper Limb, Back, Vertebral column, right/left", + "origin": "spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, ribs", + "insertion": "floor of intertubercular groove of humerus", + "artery": "subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery", + "nerve": "thoracodorsal nerve(C6 to C8)", + "action": "pulls dorsally and caudally(Extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus)", + "antagonist": "deltoid, trapezius", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "semispinalis thoracis", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse processes of sixth to tenth thoracic vertebrae", + "insertion": "spinous processes of upper four thoracic vertebrae and lower two cervical vertebrae", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/rotates vertebral column", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "semispinalis colli (cervicis)", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae", + "insertion": "spinous processes, cervical, from axis to fifth", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "extends/rotates vertebral column", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "semispinalis capitis", + "location": "Torso/Neck, Back, right/left", + "origin": "articular processes of C4-C6; transverse processes of C7 and T1-T7", + "insertion": "spinous process, occipital bone, area between superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "greater occipital nerve", + "action": "extends head", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "multifidus lumborum", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "PSIS, and iliac crest", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "multifidus thoracis", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "PSIS, and iliac crest", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "multifidus colli", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "PSIS, and iliac crest", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior branch of spinal nerve", + "action": "stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rotatores, long 1-11", + "location": "Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "spinous process", + "nerve": "posterior branch", + "action": "", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 22, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rotatores, short 1-11", + "location": "Torso, Back, thoracis, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "spinous process", + "nerve": "posterior branch", + "action": "", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 22, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rotatores lumborum", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "spinous process", + "nerve": "posterior branch", + "action": "", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rotatores colli", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "spinous process", + "nerve": "posterior branch", + "action": "", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "interspinales lumborum 1-4", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "spinous process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 8, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "interspinales thoracis 1-3", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "spinous process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 6, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "interspinales colli 1-6", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "spinous process", + "insertion": "spinous process", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 12, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "intertransversarii, anterior colli 1-7", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process above", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "laterally flexes trunk", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 14, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "intertransversarii, lateral posterior colli 1-7", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process above", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "laterally flexes trunk", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 14, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "intertransversarii, medial posterior colli 1-7", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process above", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "laterally flexes trunk", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 14, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, dorsal parts 1-5", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process above", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "laterally flexes trunk", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 10, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "intertransversarii, lateral lumborum, ventral parts 1-5", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process above", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "laterally flexes trunk", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 10, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "intertransversarii, medial lumborum 1-5", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process above", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "laterally flexes trunk", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 10, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "intertransversarii, thoracis 1-9", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "transverse process", + "insertion": "transverse process above", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "posterior rami of spinal nerves", + "action": "laterally flexes trunk", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 18, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "splenius capitis", + "location": "Torso/Neck, Back, right/left", + "origin": "spinous process of C7-T6", + "insertion": "mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone", + "artery": "??", + "nerve": "C3, C4", + "action": "extends, rotates, and laterally flexes head", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "splenius colli", + "location": "Torso, Back, right/left", + "origin": "T3-T6", + "insertion": "C1, C2, C3", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "C5, C6", + "action": "", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "external intercostal 1-11", + "location": "Torso, Chest (left/right)", + "origin": "inferior border of rib (above)", + "insertion": "superior border of rib (below)", + "artery": "intercostal arteries", + "nerve": "intercostal nerves", + "action": "inhalation", + "antagonist": "internal", + "o": 22, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "internal intercostal 1-11", + "location": "Torso, Chest (left/right)", + "origin": "inferior border of rib (above)", + "insertion": "superior border of rib (below)", + "artery": "intercostal arteries", + "nerve": "intercostal nerves", + "action": "holds ribs steady", + "antagonist": "external", + "o": 22, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "innermost intercostal 1-11", + "location": "Torso, Chest", + "origin": "inferior border of rib (above)", + "insertion": "superior border of rib (below)", + "artery": "intercostal arteries", + "nerve": "intercostal nerves", + "action": "elevates ribs, expiration", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 22, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "subcostales 1-n", + "location": "Torso, Chest", + "origin": "inner surface of one rib", + "insertion": "inner surface of second or third rib above, near its angle", + "artery": "intercostal arteries", + "nerve": "intercostal nerves", + "action": "", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 11, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "transversus thoracis", + "location": "Torso, Chest", + "origin": "costal cartilages of last 3–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process", + "insertion": "ribs/costal cartilages 2–6", + "artery": "intercostal arteries", + "nerve": "intercostal nerves", + "action": "depresses ribs", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "levatores costarum, longi 1-4", + "location": "Torso, Chest", + "origin": "C7 to T12 vertebrae", + "insertion": "superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "dorsal rami – C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11", + "action": "assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 8, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "levatores costarum, breves 1-12", + "location": "Torso, Chest", + "origin": "C7 to T12 vertebrae", + "insertion": "superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "dorsal rami – C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11", + "action": "assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 24, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "serratus posterior inferior", + "location": "Torso, Chest", + "origin": "vertebrae T11 – L3", + "insertion": "inferior borders of 9th through 12th ribs", + "artery": "intercostal arteries", + "nerve": "intercostal nerves", + "action": "depresses lower ribs(IX to XII), aiding in expiration", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "serratus posterior superior", + "location": "Torso, Chest", + "origin": "nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of vertebrae C7 through T3", + "insertion": "upper borders of 2nd through 5th ribs", + "artery": "intercostal arteries", + "nerve": "2nd through 5th intercostal nerves", + "action": "elevates ribs(II to V), aiding in inspiration", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "hemidiaphragm, lumbar/costal/sternal part", + "location": "Torso, Chest, Left/right", + "origin": "septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal folds, inner abdominal wall", + "insertion": "", + "artery": "pericardiacophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries", + "nerve": "phrenic and lower intercostal nerves", + "action": "breathing", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "coccygeus", + "location": "Torso, Pelvis", + "origin": "sacrospinous ligament", + "insertion": "coccyx", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "S4, S5 or S3-S4", + "action": "closes back part of pelvic outlet", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "iliococcygeus", + "location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani", + "origin": "tendinous arch of pelvic fascia", + "insertion": "coccyx and anococcygeal raphe", + "artery": "inferior gluteal artery", + "nerve": "S4)", + "action": "S3]], S4)", + "antagonist": "*coccygeal plexus", + "o": null, + "ta": null + }, + { + "muscle": "pubococcygeus", + "location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani", + "origin": "back surface of pubis, anterior part of obturator fascia", + "insertion": "coccyx and sacrum", + "artery": "inferior gluteal artery", + "nerve": "S4)", + "action": "S3]], S4)", + "antagonist": "*coccygeal plexus", + "o": null, + "ta": null + }, + { + "muscle": "puboanalis (puborectalis)", + "location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani", + "origin": "lower part of pubic symphysis", + "insertion": "-", + "artery": "inferior gluteal artery", + "nerve": "S3, S4. levator ani nerve", + "action": "inhibits defecation", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "puboperinealis", + "location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "?", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "?", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "puboprostaticus (males) / pubovaginalis (females)", + "location": "Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "?", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "?", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "external anal sphincter, subcutaneous, superficial, and deep parts", + "location": "Torso, Perineum", + "origin": "-", + "insertion": "-", + "artery": "inferior rectal artery", + "nerve": "S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve", + "action": "keeps anus closed, aids in expulsion of feces", + "antagonist": "-", + "o": 1, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "superficial transverse perineal", + "location": "Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch", + "origin": "anterior surface of ischial tuberosity", + "insertion": "central point of perineum", + "artery": "perineal artery", + "nerve": "pudendal nerve", + "action": "constricts urinary continence), constricts vagina (women)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "bulbospongiosus", + "location": "Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch", + "origin": "perineal raphe", + "insertion": "-", + "artery": "perineal artery", + "nerve": "pudendal nerve", + "action": "empties urethra (men), clenches vagina (women)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "ischiocavernosus", + "location": "Torso, Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch", + "origin": "ischial tuberosity", + "insertion": "crus of penis (men), crus of clitoris (women)", + "artery": "perineal artery", + "nerve": "pudendal nerve", + "action": "assists bulbospongiosus", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "Deep transverse perineal", + "location": "Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch", + "origin": "inferior ramus of ischium", + "insertion": "its fellow of opposite side", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "pudendal nerve", + "action": "constricts urinary continence), constricts vagina (women)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "compressor urethrae", + "location": "Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "?", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "?", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "sphincter urethrovaginalis", + "location": "Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "?", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "?", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "external urethral sphincter", + "location": "Torso, Perineum, Deep perineal pouch", + "origin": "junction of inferior rami of pubis and ischium about 1.25 – 2 cm, and from neighboring fascia", + "insertion": "its fellow of opposite side", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "perineal branch of S2, S3, S4)", + "action": "constricts urinary continence", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "trapezius, descending part", + "location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left", + "origin": "down midline, superior nuchal line, C7-T12", + "insertion": "at spine of scapula", + "artery": "transverse cervical artery", + "nerve": "'''motor''': accessory nerve [CNXI]", + "action": "C3]] and C4", + "antagonist": "retracts and assists in rotating scapula(lower fibers depress scapula, upper fibers elevate it and middle fibers adduct )", + "o": null, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "trapezius, transverse part", + "location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left", + "origin": "down midline, superior nuchal line, C7-T12", + "insertion": "at spine of scapula", + "artery": "transverse cervical artery", + "nerve": "'''motor''': accessory nerve [CNXI]", + "action": "C3]] and C4", + "antagonist": "retracts and elevates scapula", + "o": null, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "trapezius, ascending part", + "location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left", + "origin": "down midline, superior nuchal line, C7-T12", + "insertion": "at spine of scapula", + "artery": "transverse cervical artery", + "nerve": "'''motor''': accessory nerve [CNXI]", + "action": "C3]] and C4", + "antagonist": "retracts and elevates scapula", + "o": null, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "transversus nuchae", + "location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right/Left", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "?", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "?", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rhomboid major", + "location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left?", + "origin": "T2 to T5 vertebrae", + "insertion": "medial border of scapula, inferior to insertion of rhomboid minor", + "artery": "dorsal scapular artery", + "nerve": "C4 and C5)", + "action": "retracts depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall", + "antagonist": "serratus anterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rhomboid minor", + "location": "Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left?", + "origin": "T1 vertebrae", + "insertion": "medial border of scapula, superior to insertion of rhomboid major", + "artery": "dorsal scapular artery", + "nerve": "C4 and C5)", + "action": "retracts (adducts) depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall", + "antagonist": "serratus anterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "sternalis", + "location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?", + "origin": "manubrium of sternum or clavicle", + "insertion": "xiphoid process, lower ribs, costal cartilages or rectus sheath", + "artery": "?", + "nerve": "various", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pectoralis major", + "location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?", + "origin": "'''clavicular head:''' anterior surface of medial half of sternum, superior six costal cartilages", + "insertion": "intertubercular groove of humerus", + "artery": "pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery", + "nerve": "C5 and C6 '''sternocostal head''': C7, C8 and T1", + "action": "adducts and flexes extends humerus", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pectoralis major, abdominal part", + "location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?", + "origin": "'''clavicular head:''' anterior surface of medial half of sternum, superior six costal cartilages", + "insertion": "intertubercular groove of humerus", + "artery": "pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery", + "nerve": "C5 and C6 '''sternocostal head''': C7, C8 and T1", + "action": "adducts and flexes extends humerus", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 0, + "ta": 0 + }, + { + "muscle": "pectoralis minor", + "location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?", + "origin": "3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages", + "insertion": "medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula", + "artery": "pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery", + "nerve": "C8, T1)", + "action": "stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "subclavius", + "location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?", + "origin": "first rib", + "insertion": "subclavian groove of clavicle", + "artery": "thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch", + "nerve": "subclavian nerve", + "action": "depresses clavicle", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "serratus anterior", + "location": "Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left?", + "origin": "fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs", + "insertion": "costal surface of medial margin of scapula", + "artery": "lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part)", + "nerve": "C5, C6, C7)", + "action": "protracts and stabilises scapula, assists in upward rotation", + "antagonist": "rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, trapezius", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "deltoid, clavicular/acromial/scapular spinal parts", + "location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left", + "origin": "spine of scapula", + "insertion": "deltoid tuberosity of humerus", + "artery": "primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery", + "nerve": "axillary nerve", + "action": "abducts, flexes, and extends shoulder", + "antagonist": "latissimus dorsi", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "teres major", + "location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left", + "origin": "posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula", + "insertion": "medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus", + "artery": "subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery", + "nerve": "C5 and C6)", + "action": "internally rotates humerus", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "supraspinatus", + "location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left", + "origin": "supraspinous fossa of scapula", + "insertion": "superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus", + "artery": "suprascapular artery", + "nerve": "suprascapular nerve", + "action": "abducts and stabilises humerus", + "antagonist": "infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "infraspinatus", + "location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left", + "origin": "infraspinous fossa of scapula", + "insertion": "middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus", + "artery": "suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery", + "nerve": "suprascapular nerve", + "action": "laterally rotates, adducts, and stabilises humerus", + "antagonist": "subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "teres minor", + "location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left", + "origin": "lateral border of scapula", + "insertion": "inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus", + "artery": "posterior circumflex humeral artery, circumflex scapular artery", + "nerve": "axillary nerve", + "action": "adducts humerus", + "antagonist": "subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "subscapularis", + "location": "Upper limb, Shoulder, rotator cuff, Right/left", + "origin": "subscapular fossa of scapula", + "insertion": "lesser tubercle of humerus", + "artery": "subscapular artery", + "nerve": "C5, C6)", + "action": "medially rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder", + "antagonist": "infraspinatus, teres minor", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "coracobrachialis", + "location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left", + "origin": "coracoid process of scapula", + "insertion": "medial surface of humerus", + "artery": "brachial artery", + "nerve": "musculocutaneous nerve", + "action": "flexes and adducts shoulder", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "biceps brachii", + "location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left", + "origin": "'''short head:''' coracoid process of scapula
'''long head:''' supraglenoid tubercle", + "insertion": "radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis", + "artery": "brachial artery", + "nerve": "C5, C6, C7)", + "action": "flexes elbow, supinates forearm", + "antagonist": "triceps brachii", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "brachialis", + "location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left", + "origin": "anterior surface of humerus (mainly distal half)", + "insertion": "coronoid process of ulna, tuberosity of ulna", + "artery": "radial recurrent artery", + "nerve": "musculocutaneous nerve", + "action": "flexes elbow", + "antagonist": "triceps brachii", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "triceps brachii", + "location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left", + "origin": "'''long head:''' infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
'''lateral head:''' posterior humerus (above radial sulcus)
'''medial head:''' posterior humerus - (below radial sulcus)", + "insertion": "olecranon of ulna", + "artery": "deep artery of arm", + "nerve": "radial nerve", + "action": "extends adducts shoulder (long head).", + "antagonist": "medial head does not function at shoulder.", + "o": null, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "articularis cubiti", + "location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left", + "origin": "deep distal surface of medial head of triceps", + "insertion": "posterior capsule of elbow joint", + "artery": "deep artery of arm", + "nerve": "radial nerve", + "action": "lifts capsule away from joint", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "anconeus", + "location": "Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left", + "origin": "lateral epicondyle of humerus", + "insertion": "lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of posterior ulna", + "artery": "deep artery of arm, interosseous recurrent artery", + "nerve": "C7, C8, and T1)", + "action": "partly blended with extends abducts ulna during pronation", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pronator teres", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left", + "origin": "'''humeral head''': coronoid process of ulna", + "insertion": "pronator tuberosity of radius", + "artery": "ulnar artery, radial artery", + "nerve": "median nerve", + "action": "pronates flexes elbow", + "antagonist": "supinator", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor carpi radialis", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left", + "origin": "medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)", + "insertion": "bases of second metacarpal, base of third metacarpal", + "artery": "radial artery", + "nerve": "median nerve", + "action": "flexes and abducts wrist", + "antagonist": "extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "palmaris longus", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left", + "origin": "medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)", + "insertion": "palmar aponeurosis", + "artery": "ulnar artery", + "nerve": "median nerve", + "action": "flexes wrist", + "antagonist": "extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor carpi ulnaris", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left", + "origin": "medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)", + "insertion": "hook of hamate, base of fifth metacarpal", + "artery": "ulnar artery", + "nerve": "muscular branches of ulnar nerve", + "action": "flexes and adducts wrist", + "antagonist": "extensor carpi ulnaris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor digitorum superficialis", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left", + "origin": "medial epicondyle of humerus (radius and ulna", + "insertion": "bases of middle phalanges 2, 3, 4, and 5", + "artery": "ulnar artery", + "nerve": "median nerve", + "action": "flexes fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)", + "antagonist": "extensor digitorum", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pronator quadratus", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left", + "origin": "medial anterior surface of ulna", + "insertion": "lateral anterior surface of radius", + "artery": "anterior interosseous artery", + "nerve": "anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)", + "action": "weakly pronates forearm", + "antagonist": "supinator", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor digitorum profundus", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left", + "origin": "ulna", + "insertion": "distal phalanges", + "artery": "anterior interosseous artery", + "nerve": "'''lateral belly''': anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)", + "action": "'''medial belly''': muscular branches of ulnar nerve", + "antagonist": "flexes interphalangeal joints", + "o": null, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor pollicis longus", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Anterior compartment, Deep, Right/left", + "origin": "middle half of volar surface of radius, interosseus membrane", + "insertion": "base of distal phalanx of thumb", + "artery": "anterior interosseous artery", + "nerve": "C8, T1)", + "action": "flexes thumb", + "antagonist": "extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor digitorum", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left", + "origin": "lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)", + "insertion": "2nd–5th phalanges", + "artery": "posterior interosseous artery", + "nerve": "C7, C8)", + "action": "extends extends fingers", + "antagonist": "flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor digiti minimi", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left", + "origin": "anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)", + "insertion": "extensor expansion, located at base of proximal phalanx on dorsal side", + "artery": "posterior interosseous artery", + "nerve": "C7, C8)", + "action": "extends little finger at all joints", + "antagonist": "flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor carpi ulnaris", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left", + "origin": "lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon), ulna", + "insertion": "5th metacarpal", + "artery": "ulnar artery", + "nerve": "C7, C8)", + "action": "extends and adducts wrist", + "antagonist": "flexor carpi ulnaris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "brachioradialis", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left", + "origin": "lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus", + "insertion": "radius)", + "artery": "radial recurrent artery", + "nerve": "radial nerve", + "action": "flexes prone", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor carpi radialis longus", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left", + "origin": "lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus", + "insertion": "2nd metacarpal", + "artery": "radial artery", + "nerve": "radial nerve", + "action": "extends abducts hand at wrist", + "antagonist": "flexor carpi radialis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor carpi radialis brevis", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, mobile wad, Right/left", + "origin": "anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)", + "insertion": "base of 3rd metacarpal", + "artery": "radial artery", + "nerve": "posterior interosseus nerve", + "action": "extends abducts hand at wrist", + "antagonist": "flexor carpi radialis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "supinator", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left", + "origin": "lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament", + "insertion": "lateral proximal shaft of radius", + "artery": "radial recurrent artery", + "nerve": "C7, C8)", + "action": "supinates forearm", + "antagonist": "pronator teres, pronator quadratus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor indicis", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left", + "origin": "ulna", + "insertion": "index finger (extensor hood)", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "C7, C8)", + "action": "extends index finger, wrist", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "abductor pollicis longus", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left", + "origin": "ulna", + "insertion": "first metacarpal", + "artery": "posterior interosseous artery", + "nerve": "C7, C8)", + "action": "abducts and extends thumb", + "antagonist": "adductor pollicis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor pollicis brevis", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left", + "origin": "radius, interosseous membrane of forearm", + "insertion": "proximal phalanx of thumb", + "artery": "posterior interosseous artery", + "nerve": "C7, C8)", + "action": "extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint", + "antagonist": "flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor pollicis longus", + "location": "Upper limb, Forearm, anatomical snuffbox, Right/left", + "origin": "ulna, interosseous membrane of forearm", + "insertion": "distal phalanx of thumb", + "artery": "posterior interosseous artery", + "nerve": "C7, C8)", + "action": "extends interphalangeal)", + "antagonist": "flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "opponens pollicis", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar", + "origin": "trapezium, transverse carpal ligament", + "insertion": "metacarpal bone of thumb on its radial side", + "artery": "superficial palmar arch", + "nerve": "median nerve", + "action": "opposes thumb", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor pollicis brevis", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar", + "origin": "trapezoid, flexor retinaculum", + "insertion": "proximal phalanx", + "artery": "superficial palmar arch", + "nerve": "median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)", + "action": "flexes thumb", + "antagonist": "extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "abductor pollicis brevis", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar", + "origin": "flexor retinaculum of hand, trapezium", + "insertion": "radial base of thumb extensors", + "artery": "superficial palmar arch", + "nerve": "median nerve", + "action": "abducts thumb", + "antagonist": "adductor pollicis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "adductor pollicis", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar", + "origin": "'''transverse head:''' anterior body of second and third metacarpals and adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones", + "insertion": "medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb and ulnar sesamoid", + "artery": "deep palmar arch", + "nerve": "T1)", + "action": "adducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint", + "antagonist": "abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "palmaris brevis", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar", + "origin": "flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis", + "insertion": "palm", + "artery": "palmar metacarpal artery", + "nerve": "superficial branch of ulnar nerve", + "action": "wrinkle skin of palm", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "abductor digiti minimi (hand)", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar", + "origin": "pisiform", + "insertion": "base of 5th digit on ulnar or medial side", + "artery": "ulnar artery", + "nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve", + "action": "abducts little finger", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor digiti minimi (hand)", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar", + "origin": "hamate bone", + "insertion": "little finger", + "artery": "ulnar artery", + "nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve", + "action": "flexes little finger", + "antagonist": "extensor digiti minimi", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "opponens digiti minimi (hand)", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar, hypothenar", + "origin": "hook of flexor retinaculum", + "insertion": "medial border of 5th metacarpal", + "artery": "ulnar artery", + "nerve": "C8 and T1)", + "action": "draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "lumbricals of the hand 1-4", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate", + "origin": "flexor digitorum profundus", + "insertion": "extensor expansion", + "artery": "dorsal digital artery", + "nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve", + "action": "flex extend interphalangeal joints", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 8, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "dorsal interossei (hand) 1-4", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate", + "origin": "metacarpals", + "insertion": "proximal phalanges", + "artery": "dorsal metacarpal artery, palmar metacarpal artery", + "nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve", + "action": "abduct fingers", + "antagonist": "palmar interossei", + "o": 8, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "palmar interossei 1-3", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate", + "origin": "metacarpals", + "insertion": "proximal phalanges", + "artery": "palmar metacarpal artery", + "nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve", + "action": "adduct fingers", + "antagonist": "dorsal interossei", + "o": 6, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pollical palmar interosseus", + "location": "Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate", + "origin": "metacarpals", + "insertion": "proximal phalanges", + "artery": "palmar metacarpal artery", + "nerve": "deep branch of ulnar nerve", + "action": "adduct fingers", + "antagonist": "dorsal interossei", + "o": 1, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "psoas major", + "location": "Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas", + "origin": "transverse processes, bodies and T12-L5 vertebrae", + "insertion": "lesser trochanter of femur", + "artery": "iliolumbar artery", + "nerve": "L1, L2, L3", + "action": "flexes and rotates laterally thigh", + "antagonist": "gluteus maximus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "psoas minor", + "location": "Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas", + "origin": "side of T11+L1 and IV intervertebral disc", + "insertion": "Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence", + "artery": "iliolumbar artery, lumbar arteries", + "nerve": "L1", + "action": "weakly flexes trunk flexor", + "antagonist": "gluteus maximus", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "iliacus", + "location": "Lower Limb, Iliac region, iliopsoas", + "origin": "iliac fossa", + "insertion": "lesser trochanter of femur", + "artery": "medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery", + "nerve": "L2, L3)", + "action": "flexes hip", + "antagonist": "gluteus maximus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "tensor fasciae latae", + "location": "Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right", + "origin": "iliac crest", + "insertion": "iliotibial tract", + "artery": "primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, superior gluteal artery", + "nerve": "L4, L5)", + "action": "flexes medially rotates thigh, stabilises torso", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "gluteus maximus", + "location": "Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right", + "origin": "gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament", + "insertion": "gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract", + "artery": "superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery", + "nerve": "L5, S1, S2 nerve roots)", + "action": "externally rotates and extends hip joint, supports extended knee through iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting", + "antagonist": "Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "gluteus medius", + "location": "Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right", + "origin": "gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus", + "insertion": "greater trochanter of femur", + "artery": "superior gluteal artery", + "nerve": "L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)", + "action": "abduction of adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh", + "antagonist": "lateral rotator group", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "gluteus minimus", + "location": "Lower limb, gluteal, Left/right", + "origin": "gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius", + "insertion": "greater trochanter of femur", + "artery": "superior gluteal artery", + "nerve": "L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)", + "action": "abduction of adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh", + "antagonist": "lateral rotator group", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "piriformis", + "location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right", + "origin": "sacrum", + "insertion": "greater trochanter", + "artery": "inferior gluteal artery, lateral sacral artery, superior gluteal artery", + "nerve": "S1 and S2 nerve roots)", + "action": "laterally rotates (outward) thigh", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "obturator externus", + "location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right", + "origin": "obturator foramen and obturatory membrane", + "insertion": "medial surface of greater trochanter of femur", + "artery": "obturator artery", + "nerve": "L3, L4)", + "action": "adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "superior gemellus", + "location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right", + "origin": "ischial spine", + "insertion": "", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "L5, S1, S2)", + "action": "", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "obturator internus", + "location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right", + "origin": "ischiopubic ramus, obturator membrane", + "insertion": "medial surface of greater trochanter of femur", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "L5, S1, S2)", + "action": "abducts & rotates laterally thigh, stabilises hip during walking", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "inferior gemellus", + "location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right", + "origin": "ischial tuberosity", + "insertion": "obturator internus tendon", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)", + "action": "laterally rotates thigh", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "quadratus femoris", + "location": "Lower limb, gluteal, lateral rotator group, Left/right", + "origin": "ischial tuberosity", + "insertion": "intertrochanteric crest", + "artery": "inferior gluteal artery", + "nerve": "nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)", + "action": "", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "articularis genus", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment", + "origin": "femur", + "insertion": "suprapatellar bursa", + "artery": "femoral artery", + "nerve": "femoral nerve", + "action": "pulls suprapatellar bursa during extension of knee", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "sartorius", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment", + "origin": "superior to anterior superior iliac spine", + "insertion": "medial side of upper pes anserinus", + "artery": "femoral artery", + "nerve": "femoral nerve", + "action": "flexes, laterally rotates, and abducts flexes and medially rotates leg", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "rectus femoris", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment", + "origin": "anterior inferior iliac spine and exterior surface of bony ridge which forms iliac portion of acetabulum", + "insertion": "patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon", + "artery": "femoral artery", + "nerve": "femoral nerve", + "action": "extension; hip flexion", + "antagonist": "hamstring", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "vastus lateralis", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment", + "origin": "greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera of femur", + "insertion": "patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon", + "artery": "femoral artery", + "nerve": "femoral nerve", + "action": "extends knee", + "antagonist": "hamstring", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "vastus intermedius", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment", + "origin": "anterior surface of femur", + "insertion": "patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon", + "artery": "femoral artery", + "nerve": "femoral nerve", + "action": "extends knee", + "antagonist": "hamstring", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "vastus medialis", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment", + "origin": "anteromedial surface of femur", + "insertion": "patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon", + "artery": "femoral artery", + "nerve": "femoral nerve", + "action": "extends knee", + "antagonist": "hamstring", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "biceps femoris", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring", + "origin": "Gosling 2008, p. 273", + "insertion": "head of fibula articulating with back of lateral tibial condyle", + "artery": "inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery", + "nerve": "medial (tibial) part of sciatic nerve (long head), lateral (common fibular) part of sciatic nerve (short head)", + "action": "flexes extends hip joint (long head only)", + "antagonist": "quadriceps femoris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "semitendinosus", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring", + "origin": "ischial tuberosity", + "insertion": "pes anserinus", + "artery": "inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries", + "nerve": "tibial, L5, S1, S2)", + "action": "flexes leg at knee", + "antagonist": "quadriceps femoris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "semimembranosus", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring", + "origin": "ischial tuberosity", + "insertion": "medial surface of tibia", + "artery": "gluteal artery", + "nerve": "sciatic nerve", + "action": "flexes leg at knee", + "antagonist": "quadriceps femoris", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "gracilis", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)", + "origin": "Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266", + "insertion": "pes anserinus)", + "artery": "obturator artery", + "nerve": "anterior branch of obturator nerve", + "action": "adducts flexes medially rotates knee", + "antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "pectineus", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)", + "origin": "superior pubic ramus", + "insertion": "lesser trochanter, linea aspera", + "artery": "obturator artery", + "nerve": "femoral nerve and obturator nerve (medial compartment)", + "action": "adducts and flexes hip", + "antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "adductor brevis", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)", + "origin": "anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus", + "insertion": "lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur", + "artery": "obturator artery", + "nerve": "anterior branch of obturator nerve", + "action": "adducts hip", + "antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "adductor longus", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)", + "origin": "pubic body just below pubic crest", + "insertion": "middle third of linea aspera", + "artery": "obturator artery", + "nerve": "anterior branch of obturator nerve", + "action": "adducts and medially rotates hip", + "antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "adductor magnus, adductor part", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)", + "origin": "pubis", + "insertion": "femur, adductor tubercle of femur", + "artery": "obturator artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical head)", + "action": "adducts hip", + "antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 3 + }, + { + "muscle": "adductor minimus", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles), part of adductor magnus", + "origin": "Inferior ramus", + "insertion": "Linea aspera of the femur", + "artery": "Obturator artery and the medial circumflex femoral artery of the femoral artery.", + "nerve": "Obturator and tibial nerves", + "action": "Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh", + "antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 3 + }, + { + "muscle": "adductor magnus, ischiocondylar part", + "location": "Lower limb, Thigh/Hip, Medial compartment (adductor muscles)", + "origin": "pubis", + "insertion": "femur, adductor tubercle of femur", + "artery": "obturator artery", + "nerve": "posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical head)", + "action": "adducts hip", + "antagonist": "gluteus medius, gluteus minimus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 3 + }, + { + "muscle": "tibialis anterior", + "location": "Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment", + "origin": "body of tibia", + "insertion": "medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of foot", + "artery": "anterior tibial artery", + "nerve": "deep fibular nerve", + "action": "dorsiflexes and inverts foot", + "antagonist": "gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor hallucis longus", + "location": "Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment", + "origin": "middle portion of anterior surface of fibula, anterior surface of interosseous membrane", + "insertion": "dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of hallux", + "artery": "anterior tibial artery", + "nerve": "deep fibular nerve", + "action": "extends big toe, assists in dorsiflexion of foot at ankle, weakly inverts foot", + "antagonist": "flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor digitorum longus", + "location": "Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment", + "origin": "lateral condyle of tibia, superior ¾ of interosseous membrane", + "insertion": "middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits", + "artery": "anterior tibial artery", + "nerve": "deep fibular nerve", + "action": "extension of toes and ankle", + "antagonist": "flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "fibularis tertius", + "location": "Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment", + "origin": "distal anterior surface of fibula", + "insertion": "dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal", + "artery": "anterior tibial artery", + "nerve": "deep fibular nerve", + "action": "dorsi flexes and everts foot", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "gastrocnemius", + "location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Calf", + "origin": "medial condyle and lateral condyle of femur", + "insertion": "calcaneus", + "artery": "sural arteries", + "nerve": "S1, S2", + "action": "plantarflexes flexes knee (minor)", + "antagonist": "tibialis anterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "soleus", + "location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Calf", + "origin": "fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line)", + "insertion": "tendo calcaneus", + "artery": "sural arteries", + "nerve": "tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2", + "action": "plantarflexes ankle", + "antagonist": "tibialis anterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "plantaris", + "location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial", + "origin": "gastrocnemius", + "insertion": "calcaneal tendon (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon)", + "artery": "sural arteries", + "nerve": "tibial nerve", + "action": "plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee", + "antagonist": "tibialis anterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "popliteus", + "location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep", + "origin": "middle facet of lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle", + "insertion": "posterior tibial condyles", + "artery": "popliteal artery", + "nerve": "tibial nerve", + "action": "medially rotates and flexes knee", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor hallucis longus", + "location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel", + "origin": "posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula", + "insertion": "base of distal phalanx of hallux", + "artery": "fibular artery (peroneal branch of posterior tibial artery", + "nerve": "S1, S2 nerve roots", + "action": "flexes all joints of big toe, plantarflexes ankle", + "antagonist": "extensor hallucis longus", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor digitorum longus", + "location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel", + "origin": "medial tibia", + "insertion": "distal phalanges of lateral four digits", + "artery": "posterior tibial artery", + "nerve": "tibial nerve", + "action": "flexes toes", + "antagonist": "extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "tibialis posterior", + "location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep, tarsal tunnel", + "origin": "tibia, fibula", + "insertion": "navicular, medial cuneiform", + "artery": "posterior tibial artery", + "nerve": "tibial nerve", + "action": "inverts plantarflexes foot at ankle", + "antagonist": "tibialis anterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "fibularis longus", + "location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment", + "origin": "fibula", + "insertion": "first metatarsal, medial cuneiform", + "artery": "fibular artery", + "nerve": "superficial fibular nerve", + "action": "plantarflexes and everts ankle", + "antagonist": "tibialis anterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "fibularis brevis", + "location": "Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment", + "origin": "fibula", + "insertion": "fifth metatarsal", + "artery": "fibular artery", + "nerve": "superficial fibular nerve", + "action": "plantarflexes and everts ankle", + "antagonist": "tibialis posterior", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor digitorum brevis", + "location": "Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right", + "origin": "calcaneus", + "insertion": "toes", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "deep fibular nerve", + "action": "extends digits 2, 3, and 4", + "antagonist": "flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "extensor hallucis brevis", + "location": "Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right", + "origin": "calcaneus", + "insertion": "base of proximal phalanx of big toe", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "deep fibular nerve", + "action": "extends big toe", + "antagonist": "flexor hallucis brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "dorsal interossei (foot) 1-4", + "location": "Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal / Fourth layer, left/right", + "origin": "metatarsals", + "insertion": "proximal phalanges", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "lateral plantar nerve('''fourth interosseous space''': superficial branch '''others''': deep branch), '''first and second interossei''': lateral branch of deep fibular nerve", + "action": "abducts toes", + "antagonist": "plantar interossei", + "o": 8, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "abductor hallucis", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right", + "origin": "medial process of flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis", + "insertion": "medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "medial plantar nerve", + "action": "abducts hallux", + "antagonist": "adductor hallucis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor digitorum brevis", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right", + "origin": "medial process of intermuscular septa", + "insertion": "middle phalanges of digits 2–5", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "medial plantar nerve", + "action": "flexes lateral four toes", + "antagonist": "extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "abductor digiti minimi (foot)", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right", + "origin": "plantar aponeurosis", + "insertion": "phalanges of fifth toe", + "artery": "lateral plantar artery", + "nerve": "S1, S2)", + "action": "flexes and abducts fifth toe", + "antagonist": "flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "Abductor of fifth metatarsal abductor ossis metatarsi quinti (foot)", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right", + "origin": "calcaneus", + "insertion": "fifth toe", + "artery": "lateral plantar artery", + "nerve": "S1, S2)", + "action": "abducts fifth toe", + "antagonist": "flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "quadratus plantae", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right", + "origin": "calcaneus", + "insertion": "tendons of flexor digitorum longus", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)", + "action": "flexes flexor digitorum longus)", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "lumbricals of the foot 1-4", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right", + "origin": "tendons of flexor digitorum longus", + "insertion": "medial surface of extensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes", + "artery": "lateral plantar artery, plantar arch, four plantar metatarsal arteries", + "nerve": "lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) and medial plantar nerve (first lumbrical)", + "action": "maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints", + "antagonist": "", + "o": 8, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor hallucis brevis", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right", + "origin": "plantar surface of cuneiforms, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, long plantar ligament", + "insertion": "'''medial head''': medial sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe", + "artery": "'''lateral head''': lateral sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe", + "nerve": "", + "action": "medial plantar nerve", + "antagonist": "flexes big toe", + "o": null, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "adductor hallucis", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right", + "origin": "'''oblique head''': proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsals", + "insertion": "'''transverse head''': metatarsophalangeal joints, ligaments of lateral 3 toes", + "artery": "lateral side of base of proximal big toe, sesamoid", + "nerve": "", + "action": "lateral plantar nerve", + "antagonist": "adducts big toe", + "o": null, + "ta": 2 + }, + { + "muscle": "flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right", + "origin": "fifth metatarsal bone", + "insertion": "phalanx of fifth toe", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "|lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch)", + "action": "extends and adducts fifth toe", + "antagonist": "abductor digiti minimi", + "o": 2, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "opponens digiti minimi muscle of foot (opponens digiti quinti)", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right", + "origin": "?", + "insertion": "middle phalanges of digit 5", + "artery": "", + "nerve": "?", + "action": "?", + "antagonist": "?", + "o": 0, + "ta": 1 + }, + { + "muscle": "plantar interossei 1-3", + "location": "Lower limb, plantar, Fourth layer, left/right", + "origin": "tendons of plantar Interossei", + "insertion": "proximal phalanges III-V - muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes", + "artery": "dorsal metatarsal artery", + "nerve": "lateral plantar nerve", + "action": "adducts transverse arch", + "antagonist": "dorsal interossei", + "o": 6, + "ta": 1 + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/parse.ts b/data/parse.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4681182 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/parse.ts @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +import * as fs from 'fs'; + +interface MuscleEntry { + muscle: string; + location: string; + origin: string; + insertion: string; + artery: string; + nerve: string; + action: string; + antagonist: string; + o: number; + ta: number; +} + +function parseMuscleTable(table: string): MuscleEntry[] { + const rows = table.split(/\|- style="vertical-align: top;"/).slice(1); // Split rows and ignore header + + return rows.map(row => { + const columns = row.split('\n').map(chopUntilPipe); + columns.shift(); + // .replace(/\{\{[^}]+\}\}/g, '') // Remove templates like {{...}} + // .replace(/<[^>]+>/g, '') // Remove HTML tags + // .split('|').slice(1); // Split columns and ignore the first empty element + + return { + muscle: extractText(columns[0]), + location: extractText(columns[1]), + origin: extractText(columns[2]), + insertion: extractText(columns[3]), + artery: extractText(columns[4]), + nerve: extractText(columns[5]), + action: extractText(columns[6]), + antagonist: extractText(columns[7] || '?'), + o: parseInt(columns[8] || '0', 10), + ta: parseInt(columns[9] || '0', 10), + }; + }); +} + +function extractText(input: string): string { + return input + .replace(/\[\[(.*?)\|(.*?)\]\]/g, "$2") + .replace(/\[\[(.*?)\]\]/g, "$1") + .replace(/\]*>.*?<\/ref>/g, '') // Remove references like ... + .trim(); +} + + +function chopUntilPipe(input: string): string { + const pipeIndex = input.indexOf('|'); + return pipeIndex >= 0 ? input.slice(pipeIndex + 1) : input; +} + +// Read data from file +fs.readFile('data.txt', 'utf8', (err, data) => { + if (err) { + console.error('Error reading file:', err); + return; + } + + const parsedData = parseMuscleTable(data); + // console.log(parsedData[0]); + console.log(parsedData); + + fs.writeFile('muscle-data.json', JSON.stringify(parsedData, null, 2), (err) => { + if (err) { + console.error('Error writing file:', err); + return; + } + console.log('Data written to muscle-data.json'); + }); +}); diff --git a/data/test.ts b/data/test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a3bd4e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +const gae = "[[Occipitalis muscle|occipitalis]]"; + +const gae2 = "occipitalis"; + +function clean(str: string) { + return str.replace(/\[\[(.*?)\|(.*?)\]\]/g, "$2"); +} + +console.log(clean(gae));